Western Governors University D 115
WGU D116 OA review
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D116 OA Summary Review Pharmaco... WGU D116 ADVANCED PHARMACO... D116 pre-assessment Final D
81 terms Teacher 282 terms 60 terms 58 terms
cphi435 Preview mayodicliffe Preview Mckincm4477 Preview Mck
Terms in this set (133) Hide definitions
,doxazosin Cardura, Cardura XL
alpha blocker
potent and selective post-junctional alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.
This action blocks alpha 1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle &
bladder/prostate.
causes vasodilation of arterioles and veins and relaxation of smooth muscle in
the bladder neck/prostate (to improve urinary flow in BPH) results in a decrease
in systemic blood pressure.
For: HTN, enlarged prostate in BPH by relaxing blood vessels.
-start at 1mg daily for HTN
-for BPH, 1 mg at bedtime and maintenance 4-8mg once daily
BLACK BOX: first-dose phenomenon. significant orthostatic hypotension or
syncope - esp after 1st dose or dose increases.
& risk of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) during cataract surgery.
decreases standing and supine blood pressure so monitor BP & HR.
dont give if pt has allergy to:
quinolones, alfuzosin, prozosin, tamulosin, or terazosin.
dont take if pregnant/breastfeeding, stomach/intestine problems.
dont take with sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil.
dont give to pts with heart failure or elderly. dizziness, lightheadedness/fainting
may occur. dont give with hepatic impairment (extensively metabolized by liver)
drug interactions with other antihypertensives or PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil) or
CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole, ritonavir) bc it will increase levels of doxazosin.
usual dose is 2mg-16 mg taken once a day or slow release 4-8mg once a day.
clinical pearls: not first line for HTN but can be useful if pt has HTN & BPH.
good option for older men who need help with BP and urinary flow.
pt should be educated to rise slowly from sitting/lying. remind pt about eye
surgery risk! must inform opthalmologist if they've ever taken this med.
avoid alcohol & hot showers. dont stop abruptly. report s/s of low BP, fainting.
DOXAZOSIN: DILATES VESSELS & DECONGESTS THE PROSTATE
,synaptic gap synaptic cleft:
-presynpatic neuron: sends signal
-postsynaptic neuron: receives the signal
messages are passed along the nervous system.
process:
1) action potential: reaches presynaptic terminal
2) calcium influx: triggers vessicles to release NP into synaptic gap.
3) NT binds to receptors on postsynaptic neuron.
--signal is either excitatory (triggers action potential) or inhibitory (dampens
activity).
5) NT are cleared via:
~reuptake: into presynaptic cell
~enzymatic degradation (MAO, COMT)
~diffusion away
lithium Mood stabilizer for bipolar (type 1) effective for acute mainia, maintenance, and
reducing suicide risk. treats resistant depression, cluter headaches.
modulates serotonin, dopamine, norepi, intracellular messengers (IP3) & has
neuroprotective and neuroplastic effects.
typical dose: 600-1200 mg/day
therapeutic range:
acute mania: 0.8-1.2
maintenance: 0.6-1.0
toxicity: >1.5!!n/v/d, tremor, confusion.. hold dose & hydrate!
lifethreatening is >2.0! ataxia, slurred speech, worsening confusion.. er referral &
fluids
severe >2.5: seizures, coma, death, medical emergency!! ICU/dialysis
monitoring:
-Lithium: check 5-7 days after dose change or initation then q3-6 months.. trough
levels checked 12 hours after last dose!
-TSH: get baseline then check q6-12 months. lithium can cause hypothyroidism.
-renal function (BUN, CR, GFR): get baseline then q6-12 months. risk of
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
-Electrolytes (Na, Ca): baseline and periodically. lithium competes with sodium.
-EKG: get one on older adults or with cardiac history. can cause t-wave flattening
or arrhythmias.
s/e: common: GI upset, nausea, tremor, polyuria/polydipsia, weight gain, acne,
mild cognitive dulling
serious adverse: hypothyroidism, nephrotoxicity, tremor (coarse), arrhythmias,
tetatogenicity -- esp. ebstein's anomaly!
, Acetylcholine ! ACh: Excitatory. in CNS and peripheral nervous system.
broken down by acetylcholinesterase in synaptic cleft.
In PNS:
-somatic system: stimulates skeletal muscle in neuromuscual junction
-autonomic nervous system:
~parasympathetic (rest & digest): ACh is released by pre & post gang neurons.
~sympathetic: pregang neurons use ACh; post gang use norepi (except for sweat
glands -- use ACh)
In CNS:
for learning, memory, arousal, attention.
major role in alzheimer's disease (decreased ACh). muscle activation.
Low ACh:
-AD - memory loss, treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil,
rivastigmine).
-Myasthenias Gravis: autoimmune destruction of ACh at NM junction
Meds:
Anticholinergics: decrease ACh effects (atropine, scopalamine, ipratropium)
Used in COPD, brady, motion sickness. s/e: dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary
retention, constipation, confusion esp. elderly.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: increase ACh (donepezil, neostigmine)
Used for AD, MG, reversing neuromuscular blockers
WGU D116 OA review
5.0 (1 review)
Save
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides
D116 OA Summary Review Pharmaco... WGU D116 ADVANCED PHARMACO... D116 pre-assessment Final D
81 terms Teacher 282 terms 60 terms 58 terms
cphi435 Preview mayodicliffe Preview Mckincm4477 Preview Mck
Terms in this set (133) Hide definitions
,doxazosin Cardura, Cardura XL
alpha blocker
potent and selective post-junctional alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.
This action blocks alpha 1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle &
bladder/prostate.
causes vasodilation of arterioles and veins and relaxation of smooth muscle in
the bladder neck/prostate (to improve urinary flow in BPH) results in a decrease
in systemic blood pressure.
For: HTN, enlarged prostate in BPH by relaxing blood vessels.
-start at 1mg daily for HTN
-for BPH, 1 mg at bedtime and maintenance 4-8mg once daily
BLACK BOX: first-dose phenomenon. significant orthostatic hypotension or
syncope - esp after 1st dose or dose increases.
& risk of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) during cataract surgery.
decreases standing and supine blood pressure so monitor BP & HR.
dont give if pt has allergy to:
quinolones, alfuzosin, prozosin, tamulosin, or terazosin.
dont take if pregnant/breastfeeding, stomach/intestine problems.
dont take with sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil.
dont give to pts with heart failure or elderly. dizziness, lightheadedness/fainting
may occur. dont give with hepatic impairment (extensively metabolized by liver)
drug interactions with other antihypertensives or PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil) or
CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole, ritonavir) bc it will increase levels of doxazosin.
usual dose is 2mg-16 mg taken once a day or slow release 4-8mg once a day.
clinical pearls: not first line for HTN but can be useful if pt has HTN & BPH.
good option for older men who need help with BP and urinary flow.
pt should be educated to rise slowly from sitting/lying. remind pt about eye
surgery risk! must inform opthalmologist if they've ever taken this med.
avoid alcohol & hot showers. dont stop abruptly. report s/s of low BP, fainting.
DOXAZOSIN: DILATES VESSELS & DECONGESTS THE PROSTATE
,synaptic gap synaptic cleft:
-presynpatic neuron: sends signal
-postsynaptic neuron: receives the signal
messages are passed along the nervous system.
process:
1) action potential: reaches presynaptic terminal
2) calcium influx: triggers vessicles to release NP into synaptic gap.
3) NT binds to receptors on postsynaptic neuron.
--signal is either excitatory (triggers action potential) or inhibitory (dampens
activity).
5) NT are cleared via:
~reuptake: into presynaptic cell
~enzymatic degradation (MAO, COMT)
~diffusion away
lithium Mood stabilizer for bipolar (type 1) effective for acute mainia, maintenance, and
reducing suicide risk. treats resistant depression, cluter headaches.
modulates serotonin, dopamine, norepi, intracellular messengers (IP3) & has
neuroprotective and neuroplastic effects.
typical dose: 600-1200 mg/day
therapeutic range:
acute mania: 0.8-1.2
maintenance: 0.6-1.0
toxicity: >1.5!!n/v/d, tremor, confusion.. hold dose & hydrate!
lifethreatening is >2.0! ataxia, slurred speech, worsening confusion.. er referral &
fluids
severe >2.5: seizures, coma, death, medical emergency!! ICU/dialysis
monitoring:
-Lithium: check 5-7 days after dose change or initation then q3-6 months.. trough
levels checked 12 hours after last dose!
-TSH: get baseline then check q6-12 months. lithium can cause hypothyroidism.
-renal function (BUN, CR, GFR): get baseline then q6-12 months. risk of
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
-Electrolytes (Na, Ca): baseline and periodically. lithium competes with sodium.
-EKG: get one on older adults or with cardiac history. can cause t-wave flattening
or arrhythmias.
s/e: common: GI upset, nausea, tremor, polyuria/polydipsia, weight gain, acne,
mild cognitive dulling
serious adverse: hypothyroidism, nephrotoxicity, tremor (coarse), arrhythmias,
tetatogenicity -- esp. ebstein's anomaly!
, Acetylcholine ! ACh: Excitatory. in CNS and peripheral nervous system.
broken down by acetylcholinesterase in synaptic cleft.
In PNS:
-somatic system: stimulates skeletal muscle in neuromuscual junction
-autonomic nervous system:
~parasympathetic (rest & digest): ACh is released by pre & post gang neurons.
~sympathetic: pregang neurons use ACh; post gang use norepi (except for sweat
glands -- use ACh)
In CNS:
for learning, memory, arousal, attention.
major role in alzheimer's disease (decreased ACh). muscle activation.
Low ACh:
-AD - memory loss, treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil,
rivastigmine).
-Myasthenias Gravis: autoimmune destruction of ACh at NM junction
Meds:
Anticholinergics: decrease ACh effects (atropine, scopalamine, ipratropium)
Used in COPD, brady, motion sickness. s/e: dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary
retention, constipation, confusion esp. elderly.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: increase ACh (donepezil, neostigmine)
Used for AD, MG, reversing neuromuscular blockers
