PSY 200 EXAMS END OF COURSE ALL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are the brain's pleasure centers? - ✔✔Limbic system, medial forebrain
bundles, & the reward pathway between the hypothalamus & the nucleus acumbens
✔✔How did the Brelands find that operant conditioning is constrained by evolution? -
✔✔By training with pigs and raccoons they found that each species, including humans,
is biologically predisposed to learn some things more readily than others and to respond
to stimuli in ways that are consistent with its evolutionary history.
✔✔What is observational learning? - ✔✔learning by observing others
✔✔Describe bandura's bobo doll study - ✔✔Researches lead individual preschoolers to
a room filled with toys 4-year-olds would like. An [adult model], someone whose
behavior might serve as a guide for others, then entered the room and started playing
with the Bobo doll. The adult played quietly for a moment but then started playing
aggressively toward the doll. When the children who observed these actions were later
allowed to play with a variety of toys, including the Bobo doll, they were more than twice
as likely to interact with it in an aggressive manner.
✔✔In Bandura's bobo doll experiment, how does seeing the model be punished or
rewarded influence the amount of modeling that occurs? - ✔✔The study showed that
, they were sensitive to the consequences of the actions they observed. When they saw
the adult model being punished for behaving aggressively, the children showed
considerably less aggression. When the children observed a model being rewarded and
praised for aggressive behavior, they displayed an increase aggression.
✔✔What are mirror neurons? - ✔✔frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain
actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action
may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy.
✔✔What is implicit learning? - ✔✔learning that takes place largely independent of
awareness of both the process and the products of information acquisition
Basically unconscious learning
✔✔What's an example of implicit learning? - ✔✔Children learning to behave civilly
through experience. Though they're given explicit instruction on social contexts, they
learn implicitly about how to properly behave in the setting
✔✔What is habituation? - ✔✔A decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated
presentations
✔✔What are the best techniques for studying? - ✔✔practice testing, distributed practice
✔✔What are the worst techniques for studying? - ✔✔Summarization
Highlighting/underlining
Keyword mnemonic
Imagery for text
rereading
✔✔What are the two dimensions of emotion? - ✔✔arousal and valence
✔✔What is the James-Lange theory of emotion? - ✔✔a stimulus results first in
physiological arousal, which leads to a secondary response in which the emotion is
labeled
i.e. you see a bear. Your heart rate picks up and then your brain says you're scared
✔✔What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion? - ✔✔physiological arousal and feeling
of emotion occur at the same time. Hence, removing afferent neurons will not affect the
emotion.
i.e. you see a bear and your heart rate increases at the same time fear is registered in
your brain
✔✔What is Schacter/Singer theory of emotion? - ✔✔Physiological Response must be
cognitively interpreted and labelled to then be felt as an emotion
i.e. you see a bear and your heart rate increases. This physiological response is
registered in the brain and is then seen as being fear/adrenaline.
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are the brain's pleasure centers? - ✔✔Limbic system, medial forebrain
bundles, & the reward pathway between the hypothalamus & the nucleus acumbens
✔✔How did the Brelands find that operant conditioning is constrained by evolution? -
✔✔By training with pigs and raccoons they found that each species, including humans,
is biologically predisposed to learn some things more readily than others and to respond
to stimuli in ways that are consistent with its evolutionary history.
✔✔What is observational learning? - ✔✔learning by observing others
✔✔Describe bandura's bobo doll study - ✔✔Researches lead individual preschoolers to
a room filled with toys 4-year-olds would like. An [adult model], someone whose
behavior might serve as a guide for others, then entered the room and started playing
with the Bobo doll. The adult played quietly for a moment but then started playing
aggressively toward the doll. When the children who observed these actions were later
allowed to play with a variety of toys, including the Bobo doll, they were more than twice
as likely to interact with it in an aggressive manner.
✔✔In Bandura's bobo doll experiment, how does seeing the model be punished or
rewarded influence the amount of modeling that occurs? - ✔✔The study showed that
, they were sensitive to the consequences of the actions they observed. When they saw
the adult model being punished for behaving aggressively, the children showed
considerably less aggression. When the children observed a model being rewarded and
praised for aggressive behavior, they displayed an increase aggression.
✔✔What are mirror neurons? - ✔✔frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain
actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action
may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy.
✔✔What is implicit learning? - ✔✔learning that takes place largely independent of
awareness of both the process and the products of information acquisition
Basically unconscious learning
✔✔What's an example of implicit learning? - ✔✔Children learning to behave civilly
through experience. Though they're given explicit instruction on social contexts, they
learn implicitly about how to properly behave in the setting
✔✔What is habituation? - ✔✔A decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated
presentations
✔✔What are the best techniques for studying? - ✔✔practice testing, distributed practice
✔✔What are the worst techniques for studying? - ✔✔Summarization
Highlighting/underlining
Keyword mnemonic
Imagery for text
rereading
✔✔What are the two dimensions of emotion? - ✔✔arousal and valence
✔✔What is the James-Lange theory of emotion? - ✔✔a stimulus results first in
physiological arousal, which leads to a secondary response in which the emotion is
labeled
i.e. you see a bear. Your heart rate picks up and then your brain says you're scared
✔✔What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion? - ✔✔physiological arousal and feeling
of emotion occur at the same time. Hence, removing afferent neurons will not affect the
emotion.
i.e. you see a bear and your heart rate increases at the same time fear is registered in
your brain
✔✔What is Schacter/Singer theory of emotion? - ✔✔Physiological Response must be
cognitively interpreted and labelled to then be felt as an emotion
i.e. you see a bear and your heart rate increases. This physiological response is
registered in the brain and is then seen as being fear/adrenaline.
