WGU BIOCHEMISTRY OA CORE MAIN EXAMS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Elements - ✔✔Substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by
chemical reaction.
✔✔Ionic bond - ✔✔Actions share + & - charge
✔✔Covalent bond - ✔✔When atoms share electrons
✔✔Hydrogen bond - ✔✔Forms when portion of a polar molecule that is partially positive
interacts with portion of a polar molecule that is partially negative
✔✔Van der Waals interactions - ✔✔Occur due to random, transient movements of
electrons that at any given instant, give molecules regions of + & - charges.
✔✔Amino acid - ✔✔-has amino group (-NH2)
-& a carbonyl group (-COOH)
-cx. Based on side chains
✔✔Elevated levels of AST & ALT - ✔✔-indicates liver damage
(When damaged, their protein contents can spill into blood stream)
, ✔✔Which level of protein structure is disrupted through the hydrolysis of peptide
bonds? - ✔✔Primary
✔✔Sickle cell disease - ✔✔Caused by mutation in the Hgb-beta gene. (Causes cells to
become rigid, sticky, misshapen.)
✔✔Which force is most influential in determining the secondary structure of a protein? -
✔✔Hydrogen bonding
✔✔Hydrophobic effect - ✔✔Tendency of non polar substances to aggregate in an
aqueous solution & exclude water molecules.
✔✔Hydrophobic interaction - ✔✔Mutation of gene for protein that leads to substitution
of no polar amino acid with charged amino acid
✔✔Dopamine - ✔✔-neurotransmitter
-variety of functions (including motor control)
Parkinson's = decreases dopamine. Sinemet helps by increasing dopamine levels.
✔✔Lactose breaks down into : - ✔✔Glucose and galactose
✔✔Frameshift mutation - ✔✔-insertion or deletion of 1 or 2 nucleotides
✔✔Missense mutation - ✔✔-substitution of one amino acid for another
-results in 10 different amino acids or 10 missense mutations
✔✔Nonsense mutation - ✔✔-premature stop codon incorporated into the sequence
-leads to a shorter protein
✔✔Carbohydrates - ✔✔-linear
-CH2O formula
-energy=glucose
-structure=cellulose
✔✔Lipids - ✔✔-energy storage
-signaling
-high amount of C
✔✔DNA - ✔✔-twisted ladder
-double helix
-in nucleus
-deoxyribose
-bases= Anine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guarine
-in all molecules
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Elements - ✔✔Substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by
chemical reaction.
✔✔Ionic bond - ✔✔Actions share + & - charge
✔✔Covalent bond - ✔✔When atoms share electrons
✔✔Hydrogen bond - ✔✔Forms when portion of a polar molecule that is partially positive
interacts with portion of a polar molecule that is partially negative
✔✔Van der Waals interactions - ✔✔Occur due to random, transient movements of
electrons that at any given instant, give molecules regions of + & - charges.
✔✔Amino acid - ✔✔-has amino group (-NH2)
-& a carbonyl group (-COOH)
-cx. Based on side chains
✔✔Elevated levels of AST & ALT - ✔✔-indicates liver damage
(When damaged, their protein contents can spill into blood stream)
, ✔✔Which level of protein structure is disrupted through the hydrolysis of peptide
bonds? - ✔✔Primary
✔✔Sickle cell disease - ✔✔Caused by mutation in the Hgb-beta gene. (Causes cells to
become rigid, sticky, misshapen.)
✔✔Which force is most influential in determining the secondary structure of a protein? -
✔✔Hydrogen bonding
✔✔Hydrophobic effect - ✔✔Tendency of non polar substances to aggregate in an
aqueous solution & exclude water molecules.
✔✔Hydrophobic interaction - ✔✔Mutation of gene for protein that leads to substitution
of no polar amino acid with charged amino acid
✔✔Dopamine - ✔✔-neurotransmitter
-variety of functions (including motor control)
Parkinson's = decreases dopamine. Sinemet helps by increasing dopamine levels.
✔✔Lactose breaks down into : - ✔✔Glucose and galactose
✔✔Frameshift mutation - ✔✔-insertion or deletion of 1 or 2 nucleotides
✔✔Missense mutation - ✔✔-substitution of one amino acid for another
-results in 10 different amino acids or 10 missense mutations
✔✔Nonsense mutation - ✔✔-premature stop codon incorporated into the sequence
-leads to a shorter protein
✔✔Carbohydrates - ✔✔-linear
-CH2O formula
-energy=glucose
-structure=cellulose
✔✔Lipids - ✔✔-energy storage
-signaling
-high amount of C
✔✔DNA - ✔✔-twisted ladder
-double helix
-in nucleus
-deoxyribose
-bases= Anine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guarine
-in all molecules
