NR283 PATHO EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED AND CORRECT
ANSWERS, FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED GRADED
A+ LATEST 2026 EDITION
1. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease?
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a. An inherited disorder
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b. A combination of specific etiological factors
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c. An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
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d. Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment - ans-
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c. An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
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2. The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:
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a. subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness.
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b. signs and symptoms of a disease.
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c. factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness.
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d. early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection. - ans-
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b. signs and symptoms of a disease
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3. The best definition of the term prognosis is the:
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a. precipitating factors causing an acute episode.
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b. number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness.
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,c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease.
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d. exacerbations occurring during chronic illness. - ans-
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c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease.
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4. Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
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a. Swelling of the knee
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b. Fever
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c. Pain in the neck
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d. Red rash on the face - ans-b. Fever
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5. Etiology is defined as the study of the:
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a. causes of a disease.
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b. course of a disease.
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c. expected complications of a disease.
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d. manifestations of a disease. - ans-a. causes of a disease.
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6. A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred t
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o as:ws
a. hypertrophy.
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b. metaplasia.
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c. anaplasia.
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d. atrophy. - ans-d. atrophy.
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7. A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape and show incre
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ased mitotic figures would be called:
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a. metaplasia.
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b. atrophy.
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c. dysplasia.
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d. hypertrophy. - ans-c. dysplasia.
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,8. A deficit of oxygen in the cells usually due to respiratory or circulatory problems i
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s called:
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a. apoptosis.
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b. ischemia.
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c. hypertrophy.
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d. necrosis. - ans-b. ischemia
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9. When a group of cells in the body dies, the change is called:
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a. ischemia.
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b. gangrene.
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c. hypoxia.
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d. necrosis. - ans-d. necrosis
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10. Rigorous weight lifting/
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body building regimens may result in the skeletal muscle cells undergoing:
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a. hypertrophy.
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b. dysplasia.
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c. atrophy.
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d. regeneration. - ans-a. hypertrophy
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11. The term cancer refers to:
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a. dysplasia.
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b. hyperplasia.
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c. metaplasia.
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d. malignant neoplasm. - ans-d. malignant neoplasm.
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12. To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?
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a. Increased rate of mitosis by certain cells
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, b. Ischemic damage to cells
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c. Liquefaction of necrotic tissue
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d. Preprogrammed cell self-destruction - ans-d. Preprogrammed cell self-destruction
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13. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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a. Alteration of DNA does not change cell function.
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b. Damaged cells may be able to repair themselves.
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c. All types of cells die at the same rate.
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d. Mild ischemia causes immediate cell death. - ans-
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b. Damaged cells may be able to repair themselves.
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14. Caseation necrosis refers to an area where:
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a. cell proteins have been denatured.
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b. cell are liquefied by enzymes.
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c. dead cells form a thick cheesy substance.
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d. bacterial invasion has occurred. - ans-c. dead cells form a thick cheesy substance
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15. Routine application of sun block to skin would be an example of:
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a. an iatrogenic cause of cancer.
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b. a preventive measure.
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c. a precipitating factor.
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d. a predisposing condition. - ans-b. a preventive measure.
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16. A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occ
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ur is termed:
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a. latent stage.
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b. predisposing factor.
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c. incidence.
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QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED AND CORRECT
ANSWERS, FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED GRADED
A+ LATEST 2026 EDITION
1. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease?
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
a. An inherited disorder
ws ws ws
b. A combination of specific etiological factors
ws ws ws ws ws ws
c. An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
d. Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment - ans-
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
c. An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
2. The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
a. subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness.
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
b. signs and symptoms of a disease.
ws ws ws ws ws ws
c. factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness.
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
d. early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection. - ans-
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
b. signs and symptoms of a disease
ws ws ws ws ws ws
3. The best definition of the term prognosis is the:
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
a. precipitating factors causing an acute episode.
ws ws ws ws ws ws
b. number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness.
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
,c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease.
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
d. exacerbations occurring during chronic illness. - ans-
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease.
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
4. Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
a. Swelling of the knee
ws ws ws ws
b. Fever
ws
c. Pain in the neck
ws ws ws ws
d. Red rash on the face - ans-b. Fever
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5. Etiology is defined as the study of the:
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a. causes of a disease.
ws ws ws ws
b. course of a disease.
ws ws ws ws
c. expected complications of a disease.
ws ws ws ws ws
d. manifestations of a disease. - ans-a. causes of a disease.
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
6. A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred t
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
o as:ws
a. hypertrophy.
ws
b. metaplasia.
ws
c. anaplasia.
ws
d. atrophy. - ans-d. atrophy.
ws ws ws ws
7. A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape and show incre
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
ased mitotic figures would be called:
ws ws ws ws ws ws
a. metaplasia.
ws
ws
b. atrophy.
ws
c. dysplasia.
ws
d. hypertrophy. - ans-c. dysplasia.
ws ws ws ws
,8. A deficit of oxygen in the cells usually due to respiratory or circulatory problems i
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
s called:
ws
a. apoptosis.
ws
b. ischemia.
ws
c. hypertrophy.
ws
d. necrosis. - ans-b. ischemia
ws ws ws ws
9. When a group of cells in the body dies, the change is called:
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
a. ischemia.
ws
b. gangrene.
ws
c. hypoxia.
ws
d. necrosis. - ans-d. necrosis
ws ws ws ws
10. Rigorous weight lifting/
ws ws ws
body building regimens may result in the skeletal muscle cells undergoing:
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
a. hypertrophy.
ws
b. dysplasia.
ws
c. atrophy.
ws
d. regeneration. - ans-a. hypertrophy
ws ws ws ws
11. The term cancer refers to:
ws ws ws ws ws
a. dysplasia.
ws
b. hyperplasia.
ws
c. metaplasia.
ws
d. malignant neoplasm. - ans-d. malignant neoplasm.
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12. To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?
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a. Increased rate of mitosis by certain cells
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
, b. Ischemic damage to cells
ws ws ws ws
c. Liquefaction of necrotic tissue
ws ws ws ws
d. Preprogrammed cell self-destruction - ans-d. Preprogrammed cell self-destruction
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
13. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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a. Alteration of DNA does not change cell function.
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
b. Damaged cells may be able to repair themselves.
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
c. All types of cells die at the same rate.
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
d. Mild ischemia causes immediate cell death. - ans-
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b. Damaged cells may be able to repair themselves.
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
14. Caseation necrosis refers to an area where:
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
a. cell proteins have been denatured.
ws ws ws ws ws
b. cell are liquefied by enzymes.
ws ws ws ws ws
c. dead cells form a thick cheesy substance.
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
d. bacterial invasion has occurred. - ans-c. dead cells form a thick cheesy substance
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
15. Routine application of sun block to skin would be an example of:
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
a. an iatrogenic cause of cancer.
ws ws ws ws ws
b. a preventive measure.
ws ws ws
c. a precipitating factor.
ws ws ws
d. a predisposing condition. - ans-b. a preventive measure.
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16. A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occ
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws
ur is termed:
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a. latent stage.
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b. predisposing factor.
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c. incidence.
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