MICROBIOLOGY 2420 - EXAM #1
(2026) WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
Leeuwenhoek (Antoni van) - answer-1. Made & used Microscopes
2. Animalcules: fungi, algae, protozoa
3. Reported protozoa (1674)
4. Bacteria (1676)
Linnaeus (Carol) - answer-Taxonomic System for plants & animals
- Used a system that classified organisms based on characteristics in common
- 7 rankings (KPCOFGS)
- Binomial nomenclature
naming by species and genus
Eukaryotic - answer-Unicellular/multicellular
Cells contain nucleus composed of genetic material surrounded by a distinct
membrane
(fungi, protozoa, algae)
Prokaryotic - answer-Unicellular microbes that lack true nucleus
(bacteria, archea)
DNA located in the dense part of their cytoplasm
Microorganisms Classified: - answer-Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, Bacteria, Archaea, Viruses
Fungi - answer-Eukaryotic
Obtain food from other organisms
,Possess cell walls made of chitin
Molds: grow as filaments, multi-cellular
Yeasts: single celled
10-100 um in size
Budding - answer-how fungi multiply; form of asexual reproduction in which a new
organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site.
The new organism remains attached as it grows, separating from the parent organism
only when it is mature
Molds - answer-Multicellular
Grow as long filaments that intertwine
reproduce asexual and sexual spores which are cells that create new individual cells
without fusing
Pencillium chrysogenum: mold that produces penicillin which is found on bread and
cheese
Yeasts - answer-Unicellular
reproduce asexually by budding: process by which a daughter cell grows off the mother
cell
(some yeast produce sexual spores)
Saccharymyces is a yeast that causes bread to rise and produces alcohol from sugar
Protozoa - answer-Single-celled eukaryotes
Similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular structure
Live freely in water; some live in animals hosts
Asexual (most) and sexual reproduction
Most are capable of locomotion by: pseudopodia, cillia, flagella
(some cause disease)
non-motile in their mature forms
, Pseudopodia
(protozoa) - answer-Cell extensions that flow in direction of travel; actin subunits that
extend into many microfilaments.
Cilia
(protozoa) - answer-Short, hairlike protrusions that propel organisms through
environment
Flagella
(protozoa) - answer-Extensions of a cell that are fewer, longer, and more whip-like than
cilia.
Long structures, repsonsible for movement
Algae - answer-Unicellular or multi-cellular/eukaryotic
photosynthetic: make food from carbon dioxide and water using energy from the
sunlight
simple reproductive structures
Large algae: seaweeds and kelps; chemicals from the gelatinous walls are used for
thickeners in food, also used in agar which is used in the mirco lab media
Small algae: common in freshwater streams and ponds
Provide food for lots of aquatic animals and provide most of the world's oxygen
Bacteria & Archaea - answer-Prokaryotic
Unicellular and lack nuclei
much smaller than eukaryotes (1-10 um)
Reproduce asexually
Bacteria - answer-Unicellular prokaryotes
(2026) WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
Leeuwenhoek (Antoni van) - answer-1. Made & used Microscopes
2. Animalcules: fungi, algae, protozoa
3. Reported protozoa (1674)
4. Bacteria (1676)
Linnaeus (Carol) - answer-Taxonomic System for plants & animals
- Used a system that classified organisms based on characteristics in common
- 7 rankings (KPCOFGS)
- Binomial nomenclature
naming by species and genus
Eukaryotic - answer-Unicellular/multicellular
Cells contain nucleus composed of genetic material surrounded by a distinct
membrane
(fungi, protozoa, algae)
Prokaryotic - answer-Unicellular microbes that lack true nucleus
(bacteria, archea)
DNA located in the dense part of their cytoplasm
Microorganisms Classified: - answer-Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, Bacteria, Archaea, Viruses
Fungi - answer-Eukaryotic
Obtain food from other organisms
,Possess cell walls made of chitin
Molds: grow as filaments, multi-cellular
Yeasts: single celled
10-100 um in size
Budding - answer-how fungi multiply; form of asexual reproduction in which a new
organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site.
The new organism remains attached as it grows, separating from the parent organism
only when it is mature
Molds - answer-Multicellular
Grow as long filaments that intertwine
reproduce asexual and sexual spores which are cells that create new individual cells
without fusing
Pencillium chrysogenum: mold that produces penicillin which is found on bread and
cheese
Yeasts - answer-Unicellular
reproduce asexually by budding: process by which a daughter cell grows off the mother
cell
(some yeast produce sexual spores)
Saccharymyces is a yeast that causes bread to rise and produces alcohol from sugar
Protozoa - answer-Single-celled eukaryotes
Similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular structure
Live freely in water; some live in animals hosts
Asexual (most) and sexual reproduction
Most are capable of locomotion by: pseudopodia, cillia, flagella
(some cause disease)
non-motile in their mature forms
, Pseudopodia
(protozoa) - answer-Cell extensions that flow in direction of travel; actin subunits that
extend into many microfilaments.
Cilia
(protozoa) - answer-Short, hairlike protrusions that propel organisms through
environment
Flagella
(protozoa) - answer-Extensions of a cell that are fewer, longer, and more whip-like than
cilia.
Long structures, repsonsible for movement
Algae - answer-Unicellular or multi-cellular/eukaryotic
photosynthetic: make food from carbon dioxide and water using energy from the
sunlight
simple reproductive structures
Large algae: seaweeds and kelps; chemicals from the gelatinous walls are used for
thickeners in food, also used in agar which is used in the mirco lab media
Small algae: common in freshwater streams and ponds
Provide food for lots of aquatic animals and provide most of the world's oxygen
Bacteria & Archaea - answer-Prokaryotic
Unicellular and lack nuclei
much smaller than eukaryotes (1-10 um)
Reproduce asexually
Bacteria - answer-Unicellular prokaryotes
