REX-PN CORE MAIN EXAMINATION ALL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What system would be a priority to assess on a client taking fluticasone/salmeterol
(Advair)?
A. Circulatory system
B. Hepatobiliary system
C. Respiratory system
D. Neurological System - ✔✔Answer: 3. Respiratory system
Advair is a medication containing fluticasone (a corticosteroid) and salmeterol (a B2
adrenergic receptor agonist that promotes bronchodilation). These two drugs are used
in combination when treating symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease. Since this drug is on the client's chart, the client most probably has one of
these respiratory problems; thus, the nurse must prioritize his respiratory system during
the assessment.
✔✔A psychiatrist prescribed fluoxetine to a client who was diagnosed with depression.
What are the side effects of this drug?
A. Weight changes, nausea, diarrhea
B. Sensitivity to light, convulsions, swelling of the limbs, high blood sugar
C. Postprandial hypotension and dizziness
,D. Tachycardia, immunosuppression, fever - ✔✔Answer: A. Weight changes, nausea,
diarrhea
Fluoxetine, sold under the brand name Prozac or Sarafem, is classified as a selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It treats psychiatric conditions such as depression,
bulimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Its side effects include
decreased libido, mouth dryness, weight changes, and gastrointestinal problems such
as diarrhea and nausea.
Fluoxetine causes gastrointestinal symptoms since it leads to increased serotonin
levels, which stimulate receptors in the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.
Alterations may bring about weight changes in appetite, which is also another side
effect of the mechanism of action of SSRIs.
✔✔Which side effects of Phenytoin can occur when taking the incorrect dose?
A. Abnormal heart rhythm
B. Vertigo, weakness, nausea and vomiting, unsteady gait
C. Grey mucous membranes
D. Bulimia nervosa - ✔✔Answer: B. Vertigo, weakness, nausea and vomiting, unsteady
gait
Phenytoin is anticonvulsant drug. It is often used in clients with complex partial seizures,
grand mal seizures, and postoperative seizures.
Like most drugs, Phenytoin can also produce unwanted effects in the body when used
too often or too much. Self-medication administration, improper use of the drug, and
drug interactions are three major causes of phenytoin intoxication. The most common
symptoms of phenytoin intoxication include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, generalized
weakness, unsteady gait, and drowsiness. The serum phenytoin levels must be
checked to confirm phenytoin intoxication.
✔✔What should the nurse expect to see in a client who is on long-term use of
Prednisone?
A. Swelling of the limbs
B. Buffalo hump
C. Yellowing of the skin
D. Hypertrophy of the muscles - ✔✔Answer: B. Buffalo hump
Prednisone is a glucocorticoid used to treat various conditions, including adrenal
insufficiency, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and anterior uveitis.
Receiving large amounts of this medication may result in the development of Cushing's
syndrome. Symptoms of this condition include purplish stretch marks, acne, moon
facies, and buffalo hump. Buffalo hump refers to the accumulation of fat between the
neck and the shoulders.
✔✔A client was diagnosed with depression and prescribed extended-release trazodone
(150 mg at bedtime). What is the side effect of trazadone?
,A. Sleepiness
B. Pain in the joints
C. Acne breakouts
D. Stuffiness of the nose - ✔✔Answer: A. Sleepiness
Trazodone is a serotonin modulator used in the treatment of depression and post-
traumatic stress disorder. It is a serotonin-2 receptor antagonist; thus, it helps in
reducing sleep onset latency and promotes slow-wave sleep. In addition, it can also
block H1 receptors, a mechanism that also contributes to its ability to improve sleep.
✔✔A client who recently suffered a heart attack received a low dose of aspirin in the
clinic. Which best explains the reason for prescribing a low dose?
A. High dose aspirin will make it difficult for the client to fall asleep
B. High dose aspirin may increase the client's risk of bleeding
C. High dose aspirin may cause heartburn
D. High dose aspirin may cause the client to have another heart attack - ✔✔Answer: B.
High dose aspirin may increase the client's risk of bleeding
Aspirin is a drug with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. It is commonly given to
clients who have recently suffered from a heart attack as it helps prevent the
reoccurrence. However, like all ASAs, aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding in a
client as it allows the blood to be less sticky by altering the clotting factors to be
disrupted.
Thus, the client received a low dose to benefit from the drug while minimizing the risk of
bleeding and altering clotting factors.
✔✔A client treated for schizophrenia was prescribed clozapine. What is a major side
effect of clozapine?
A. Sinusitis
B. Dryness of the skin
C. Hypersalivation
D. Muscle pain - ✔✔Answer: C. Hypersalivation
Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug. It is commonly used in schizophrenic clients who are
resistant to other medications.
One of its notable side effects is hypersalivation since it is an antagonist of M3
receptors and an agonist at the M4 receptor. M3 blockade and M4 stimulation are both
mechanisms that are known to result in increased salivation.
✔✔The neurologist prescribed phenytoin to a client who has been having seizures.
What is a side effect of this drug?
A. Vertigo
, B. Sleepiness
C. Gingival overgrowth
D. Malar rash - ✔✔Answer: C. Gingival overgrowth
Phenytoin is classified as an anticonvulsant. It is often administered to clients with
complex partial seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and status epilepticus. It can
prevent and control seizures.
Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, which is also known as gingival or
gum overgrowth. Gingival hyperplasia happens because this drug interacts with the
fibroblasts in the gums resulting in increased collagen production.
✔✔A client with which condition should be monitored closely when administering
diazepam?
A. Reduced motility in the gastrointestinal tract
B. Reduced muscle mass
C. Reduced renal function
D. Reduced liver function - ✔✔Answer: D. Reduced liver function
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat seizures, anxiety, and symptoms of alcohol
withdrawal. Diazepam is metabolized in the liver, and thus if a client has liver damage,
the drug will stay in the body for a more extended period due to the reduced metabolism
of the drug. This situation could lead to unwanted side effects of the drug, and therefore,
it should be considered when administering the medication.
✔✔Which statement indicates that a client requires further education about the use of
antibiotics?
A. I can stop the medication once I get better
B. A missed dose should be administered as soon as possible
C. I can take this medication with Tylenol
D. This medication is for my bacterial infection - ✔✔Answer: A. I can stop the
medication once I get better
The total dose of antibiotics needs to be taken for the full and long-term effects to occur.
If the client does not finish the entire prescription, they are at risk of infection
reoccurrence.
When a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible to continue treatment.
There is no contraindication for taking Tylenol with antibiotics.
Antibiotics are generally used to treat bacterial infections. All these statements are
correct.
✔✔A client has been prescribed sumatriptan to treat her migraines. Which statement
indicates that the client understands how to use the drug properly?
A. If one dose of sumatriptan does not relieve my headache, I should call 911
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What system would be a priority to assess on a client taking fluticasone/salmeterol
(Advair)?
A. Circulatory system
B. Hepatobiliary system
C. Respiratory system
D. Neurological System - ✔✔Answer: 3. Respiratory system
Advair is a medication containing fluticasone (a corticosteroid) and salmeterol (a B2
adrenergic receptor agonist that promotes bronchodilation). These two drugs are used
in combination when treating symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease. Since this drug is on the client's chart, the client most probably has one of
these respiratory problems; thus, the nurse must prioritize his respiratory system during
the assessment.
✔✔A psychiatrist prescribed fluoxetine to a client who was diagnosed with depression.
What are the side effects of this drug?
A. Weight changes, nausea, diarrhea
B. Sensitivity to light, convulsions, swelling of the limbs, high blood sugar
C. Postprandial hypotension and dizziness
,D. Tachycardia, immunosuppression, fever - ✔✔Answer: A. Weight changes, nausea,
diarrhea
Fluoxetine, sold under the brand name Prozac or Sarafem, is classified as a selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It treats psychiatric conditions such as depression,
bulimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Its side effects include
decreased libido, mouth dryness, weight changes, and gastrointestinal problems such
as diarrhea and nausea.
Fluoxetine causes gastrointestinal symptoms since it leads to increased serotonin
levels, which stimulate receptors in the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.
Alterations may bring about weight changes in appetite, which is also another side
effect of the mechanism of action of SSRIs.
✔✔Which side effects of Phenytoin can occur when taking the incorrect dose?
A. Abnormal heart rhythm
B. Vertigo, weakness, nausea and vomiting, unsteady gait
C. Grey mucous membranes
D. Bulimia nervosa - ✔✔Answer: B. Vertigo, weakness, nausea and vomiting, unsteady
gait
Phenytoin is anticonvulsant drug. It is often used in clients with complex partial seizures,
grand mal seizures, and postoperative seizures.
Like most drugs, Phenytoin can also produce unwanted effects in the body when used
too often or too much. Self-medication administration, improper use of the drug, and
drug interactions are three major causes of phenytoin intoxication. The most common
symptoms of phenytoin intoxication include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, generalized
weakness, unsteady gait, and drowsiness. The serum phenytoin levels must be
checked to confirm phenytoin intoxication.
✔✔What should the nurse expect to see in a client who is on long-term use of
Prednisone?
A. Swelling of the limbs
B. Buffalo hump
C. Yellowing of the skin
D. Hypertrophy of the muscles - ✔✔Answer: B. Buffalo hump
Prednisone is a glucocorticoid used to treat various conditions, including adrenal
insufficiency, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and anterior uveitis.
Receiving large amounts of this medication may result in the development of Cushing's
syndrome. Symptoms of this condition include purplish stretch marks, acne, moon
facies, and buffalo hump. Buffalo hump refers to the accumulation of fat between the
neck and the shoulders.
✔✔A client was diagnosed with depression and prescribed extended-release trazodone
(150 mg at bedtime). What is the side effect of trazadone?
,A. Sleepiness
B. Pain in the joints
C. Acne breakouts
D. Stuffiness of the nose - ✔✔Answer: A. Sleepiness
Trazodone is a serotonin modulator used in the treatment of depression and post-
traumatic stress disorder. It is a serotonin-2 receptor antagonist; thus, it helps in
reducing sleep onset latency and promotes slow-wave sleep. In addition, it can also
block H1 receptors, a mechanism that also contributes to its ability to improve sleep.
✔✔A client who recently suffered a heart attack received a low dose of aspirin in the
clinic. Which best explains the reason for prescribing a low dose?
A. High dose aspirin will make it difficult for the client to fall asleep
B. High dose aspirin may increase the client's risk of bleeding
C. High dose aspirin may cause heartburn
D. High dose aspirin may cause the client to have another heart attack - ✔✔Answer: B.
High dose aspirin may increase the client's risk of bleeding
Aspirin is a drug with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. It is commonly given to
clients who have recently suffered from a heart attack as it helps prevent the
reoccurrence. However, like all ASAs, aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding in a
client as it allows the blood to be less sticky by altering the clotting factors to be
disrupted.
Thus, the client received a low dose to benefit from the drug while minimizing the risk of
bleeding and altering clotting factors.
✔✔A client treated for schizophrenia was prescribed clozapine. What is a major side
effect of clozapine?
A. Sinusitis
B. Dryness of the skin
C. Hypersalivation
D. Muscle pain - ✔✔Answer: C. Hypersalivation
Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug. It is commonly used in schizophrenic clients who are
resistant to other medications.
One of its notable side effects is hypersalivation since it is an antagonist of M3
receptors and an agonist at the M4 receptor. M3 blockade and M4 stimulation are both
mechanisms that are known to result in increased salivation.
✔✔The neurologist prescribed phenytoin to a client who has been having seizures.
What is a side effect of this drug?
A. Vertigo
, B. Sleepiness
C. Gingival overgrowth
D. Malar rash - ✔✔Answer: C. Gingival overgrowth
Phenytoin is classified as an anticonvulsant. It is often administered to clients with
complex partial seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and status epilepticus. It can
prevent and control seizures.
Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, which is also known as gingival or
gum overgrowth. Gingival hyperplasia happens because this drug interacts with the
fibroblasts in the gums resulting in increased collagen production.
✔✔A client with which condition should be monitored closely when administering
diazepam?
A. Reduced motility in the gastrointestinal tract
B. Reduced muscle mass
C. Reduced renal function
D. Reduced liver function - ✔✔Answer: D. Reduced liver function
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat seizures, anxiety, and symptoms of alcohol
withdrawal. Diazepam is metabolized in the liver, and thus if a client has liver damage,
the drug will stay in the body for a more extended period due to the reduced metabolism
of the drug. This situation could lead to unwanted side effects of the drug, and therefore,
it should be considered when administering the medication.
✔✔Which statement indicates that a client requires further education about the use of
antibiotics?
A. I can stop the medication once I get better
B. A missed dose should be administered as soon as possible
C. I can take this medication with Tylenol
D. This medication is for my bacterial infection - ✔✔Answer: A. I can stop the
medication once I get better
The total dose of antibiotics needs to be taken for the full and long-term effects to occur.
If the client does not finish the entire prescription, they are at risk of infection
reoccurrence.
When a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible to continue treatment.
There is no contraindication for taking Tylenol with antibiotics.
Antibiotics are generally used to treat bacterial infections. All these statements are
correct.
✔✔A client has been prescribed sumatriptan to treat her migraines. Which statement
indicates that the client understands how to use the drug properly?
A. If one dose of sumatriptan does not relieve my headache, I should call 911
