D103 ALS Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Which of the following signals doesn't need a cell surface transmembrane receptor or
channel to enter a cell ?
A. Glucose
B. Sodium ions
C. SARS-CoV-2
D. Dexamethasone
E. Zinc
D. Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone is a steroid which is hydrophobic. Hydrophobic molecules such as O2, CO2,
N2, and steroid are permeable to a lipid bilayer.
What is the mnemonic that describes the rudimentary components of a generic
signaling pathway and what are the components ? (ALS15)
A. SR-TER
B. SIR-TR
C. LR-TUR
D. SPR-TER
E. SIR-TUR
A. SR-TER
Stimulus (perception of the signal, usually by dedicated proteins referred to as "receptors".
Receptor (transmission of the signal into the cell by the receptor)
Transduction (transduction, modification and interpretation of the "message" via a series of
,cell signaling components)
Effector (Changes in activity of cellular effectors within the cell)
Response (Response(s) by the cell - an action appropriate to the original signal)
ALS15
Which parts of this generic signal transduction pathway correspond to (1) Integration
of a signal and (2)Amplification of a signal ? (ASL15 )
A. 1 = d; 2 = e
B. 1 = c, 2 = b
C. 1 = d, 2 = b
D. 1 = b, 2 = c
C. 1 = d, 2 = b
Which of the following explains why different types of cells can respond to the same
extra-cellular signaling molecule in a different manner ? (ALS 15)
A. Many different types of cells express the same transmembrane receptor
B. Different types of cells can have different intracellular signal transduction machinery
C. The generic signaling pathway is similar in all cell types
D. Some cell types don't bind the extra-cellular signaling molecule
B. Different types of cells can have different intracellular signal transduction machinery
page 13
Which amino acids can be commonly modified by phosphorylation in animal cells ?
A. Serine, Threonine and Glutamine
B. Serine, Asparagine and Glutamine
C. Threonine, Tyrosine and Serine
, D. Tyrosine, Arginine and Serine
E. Tyrosine, Serine and Glutamine
C. Threonine, Tyrosine and Serine
Which of the indicated amino acids within the SH2 domain do you predictforms an
electrostatic interaction with the phosphorylated-tyrosine residuein a target protein ?
(ALS 15)
A. W
B. G
C. GF
D. R
E. G
D. R
SH2 domains can bind to phosphorylated-tyrosine residues in various proteins.
A negatively charged phosphotyrosine would most likely interact with a conserved
positively(basic) charged amino acid, such as arginine (R) or lysine (K) within the folded
SH2 domain.
page 18
Which protein could inhibit this signaling pathway when present at a high
concentration ? (ALS 15)
A. Sos
B. The "scaffold protein"
Which of the following signals doesn't need a cell surface transmembrane receptor or
channel to enter a cell ?
A. Glucose
B. Sodium ions
C. SARS-CoV-2
D. Dexamethasone
E. Zinc
D. Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone is a steroid which is hydrophobic. Hydrophobic molecules such as O2, CO2,
N2, and steroid are permeable to a lipid bilayer.
What is the mnemonic that describes the rudimentary components of a generic
signaling pathway and what are the components ? (ALS15)
A. SR-TER
B. SIR-TR
C. LR-TUR
D. SPR-TER
E. SIR-TUR
A. SR-TER
Stimulus (perception of the signal, usually by dedicated proteins referred to as "receptors".
Receptor (transmission of the signal into the cell by the receptor)
Transduction (transduction, modification and interpretation of the "message" via a series of
,cell signaling components)
Effector (Changes in activity of cellular effectors within the cell)
Response (Response(s) by the cell - an action appropriate to the original signal)
ALS15
Which parts of this generic signal transduction pathway correspond to (1) Integration
of a signal and (2)Amplification of a signal ? (ASL15 )
A. 1 = d; 2 = e
B. 1 = c, 2 = b
C. 1 = d, 2 = b
D. 1 = b, 2 = c
C. 1 = d, 2 = b
Which of the following explains why different types of cells can respond to the same
extra-cellular signaling molecule in a different manner ? (ALS 15)
A. Many different types of cells express the same transmembrane receptor
B. Different types of cells can have different intracellular signal transduction machinery
C. The generic signaling pathway is similar in all cell types
D. Some cell types don't bind the extra-cellular signaling molecule
B. Different types of cells can have different intracellular signal transduction machinery
page 13
Which amino acids can be commonly modified by phosphorylation in animal cells ?
A. Serine, Threonine and Glutamine
B. Serine, Asparagine and Glutamine
C. Threonine, Tyrosine and Serine
, D. Tyrosine, Arginine and Serine
E. Tyrosine, Serine and Glutamine
C. Threonine, Tyrosine and Serine
Which of the indicated amino acids within the SH2 domain do you predictforms an
electrostatic interaction with the phosphorylated-tyrosine residuein a target protein ?
(ALS 15)
A. W
B. G
C. GF
D. R
E. G
D. R
SH2 domains can bind to phosphorylated-tyrosine residues in various proteins.
A negatively charged phosphotyrosine would most likely interact with a conserved
positively(basic) charged amino acid, such as arginine (R) or lysine (K) within the folded
SH2 domain.
page 18
Which protein could inhibit this signaling pathway when present at a high
concentration ? (ALS 15)
A. Sos
B. The "scaffold protein"
