Chapter 10: Infection
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?
a. Starvation
b. Traumatic injury
c. Cardiovascular disease
d. Infectious disease
ANS: D
Despite the wide-scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization
policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The other
options are not as significant.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. What is the first stage in the infectious process?
a. Prodromal
b. Incubation
c. Invasion
d. Convalescence
ANS: A
There are four distinct stages of infection: incubation period, prodromal stage, invasion or
acute illness stage, and convalescence
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin?
a. Viruses
b. Bacteria
c. Protozoa and Rickettsiae
d. Mycoplasma
ANS: B
Only bacteria and fungi have the capacity to reproduce on the skin.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which
microorganisms?
a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Viruses
d. Yeasts
ANS: A
Download the Complete Test Bank here: https://linktr.ee/nclexrn
, Invasion is the direct confrontation with an individual’s primary defense mechanisms against
only bacteria, which include the complement system, antibodies, and phagocytes, such as
neutrophils and macrophages. Fungi, viruses, and yeasts are not phagocytosed.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer
(NK) cells actively attack?
a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Viruses
d. Mycoplasma
ANS: C
NK cells are the principal defenders against only tumor cells or virally infected cells.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the
professional is accurate?
a. Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria.
b. Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria.
c. Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades.
d. Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
ANS: D
Exotoxins are proteins released during bacterial growth. Exotoxins are not contained in cell
walls of gram-negative bacteria, released during lysis of bacterial, or able to initiate the
complement and coagulation cascades.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
7. A healthcare professional student is learning about fungal infections. What information should
the student use to help another student understand this topic?
a. Fungal infections occur only on skin, hair, and nails.
b. Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections.
c. Fungal infections release endotoxins.
d. Vaccines prevent fungal infections.
ANS: B
The host defense against fungal infection includes the fungistatic properties of neutrophils and
macrophages. T lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of infection and producing
cytokines to further activate macrophages. Fungi infect other tissue types such as vaginal or
gastrointestinal. Fungi do not release endotoxins; they reside in the cell walls of
gram-negative bacteria. Fungal infections are not prevented by current vaccines.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
8. Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the synthesis of which chemical
mediator?
a. Leukotriene
b. Histamine
Download the Complete Test Bank here: https://linktr.ee/nclexrn
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?
a. Starvation
b. Traumatic injury
c. Cardiovascular disease
d. Infectious disease
ANS: D
Despite the wide-scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization
policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The other
options are not as significant.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. What is the first stage in the infectious process?
a. Prodromal
b. Incubation
c. Invasion
d. Convalescence
ANS: A
There are four distinct stages of infection: incubation period, prodromal stage, invasion or
acute illness stage, and convalescence
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin?
a. Viruses
b. Bacteria
c. Protozoa and Rickettsiae
d. Mycoplasma
ANS: B
Only bacteria and fungi have the capacity to reproduce on the skin.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which
microorganisms?
a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Viruses
d. Yeasts
ANS: A
Download the Complete Test Bank here: https://linktr.ee/nclexrn
, Invasion is the direct confrontation with an individual’s primary defense mechanisms against
only bacteria, which include the complement system, antibodies, and phagocytes, such as
neutrophils and macrophages. Fungi, viruses, and yeasts are not phagocytosed.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer
(NK) cells actively attack?
a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Viruses
d. Mycoplasma
ANS: C
NK cells are the principal defenders against only tumor cells or virally infected cells.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the
professional is accurate?
a. Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria.
b. Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria.
c. Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades.
d. Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
ANS: D
Exotoxins are proteins released during bacterial growth. Exotoxins are not contained in cell
walls of gram-negative bacteria, released during lysis of bacterial, or able to initiate the
complement and coagulation cascades.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
7. A healthcare professional student is learning about fungal infections. What information should
the student use to help another student understand this topic?
a. Fungal infections occur only on skin, hair, and nails.
b. Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections.
c. Fungal infections release endotoxins.
d. Vaccines prevent fungal infections.
ANS: B
The host defense against fungal infection includes the fungistatic properties of neutrophils and
macrophages. T lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of infection and producing
cytokines to further activate macrophages. Fungi infect other tissue types such as vaginal or
gastrointestinal. Fungi do not release endotoxins; they reside in the cell walls of
gram-negative bacteria. Fungal infections are not prevented by current vaccines.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
8. Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the synthesis of which chemical
mediator?
a. Leukotriene
b. Histamine
Download the Complete Test Bank here: https://linktr.ee/nclexrn
