DINFOS BPASAC PA EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 – 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS AND
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS – GUARANTEED PASS.
◎ What are the five levels of influence in the Social Ecological Model? ANSWER:-
Individual, PA domain (recreation, transport, occupation, household), Interpersonal,
Physical environment (built and natural), Policy environment.
◎ Why are individual-level factors insufficient alone to explain PA behavior? ANSWER:-
Because behavior is also shaped by social, environmental, political, and economic
influences.
◎ What is social support in the context of physical activity? ANSWER:- The perceived
benefits and assistance a person receives from others related to PA.
◎ What are two major ways social support is measured? ANSWER:- Size of social
network and type/quality of support provided.
◎ How does size of social network influence PA? ANSWER:- Larger networks provide
more opportunities and are linked to stronger intentions and higher likelihood of meeting
PA guidelines.
◎ What are the four types of social support? ANSWER:- Instrumental, Emotional,
Informational, and Appraisal (validation).
◎ What is instrumental support? ANSWER:- Tangible, practical assistance (e.g.,
childcare so someone can exercise).
◎ What is emotional support? ANSWER:- Encouragement, empathy, and caring.
◎ What is informational support? ANSWER:- Advice, suggestions, or directions.
◎ What is appraisal support? ANSWER:- Feedback used to evaluate progress.
◎ What type of social support predicted exercise adherence in Duncan et al. (1993)?
ANSWER:- Emotional support.
◎ How do quantitative and qualitative research differ regarding social support?
ANSWER:- Quantitative research shows small effects; qualitative research suggests
support is very important to exercisers.
, ◎ What is a potential downside of family support? ANSWER:- Behavioral reactance
(feeling controlled) and safety concerns limiting PA.
◎ How does health care provider support influence PA? ANSWER:- Even brief
counseling increases PA at 6- and 12-month follow-up.
◎ Why is written exercise advice often more effective than verbal advice? ANSWER:- It
reinforces recommendations and supports gradual, wellness-focused changes.
◎ What leadership styles enhance exercise experiences? ANSWER:- Socially
supportive and autonomy-supportive leadership.
◎ What outcomes result from supportive leadership styles? ANSWER:- Greater self-
efficacy, enjoyment, adherence, intentions, and less fatigue and embarrassment.
◎ What is group cohesion? ANSWER:- The degree to which group members stick
together and feel united toward goals.
◎ Why does group cohesion improve adherence? ANSWER:- Possibly due to
increased self-efficacy, social support, and verbal persuasion.
◎ How does group composition affect adherence? ANSWER:- People adhere more
when group members are similar to themselves.
◎ What is a mastery climate? ANSWER:- A motivational climate emphasizing self-
improvement, effort, and learning.
◎ What is a performance climate? ANSWER:- A climate emphasizing social
comparison and rewarding only the best performers.
◎ Which climate promotes intrinsic motivation? ANSWER:- Mastery climate.
◎ What is social facilitation? ANSWER:- The presence of others increases effort.
◎ How do co-exercisers affect RPE? ANSWER:- RPE is lower when others appear to
exercise easily.
◎ What is included in the built environment? ANSWER:- Sidewalks, bike lanes, lighting,
safety features, density, and destinations.
◎ What is included in the natural environment? ANSWER:- Weather, green space, and
terrain.
2026/2027 – 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS AND
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS – GUARANTEED PASS.
◎ What are the five levels of influence in the Social Ecological Model? ANSWER:-
Individual, PA domain (recreation, transport, occupation, household), Interpersonal,
Physical environment (built and natural), Policy environment.
◎ Why are individual-level factors insufficient alone to explain PA behavior? ANSWER:-
Because behavior is also shaped by social, environmental, political, and economic
influences.
◎ What is social support in the context of physical activity? ANSWER:- The perceived
benefits and assistance a person receives from others related to PA.
◎ What are two major ways social support is measured? ANSWER:- Size of social
network and type/quality of support provided.
◎ How does size of social network influence PA? ANSWER:- Larger networks provide
more opportunities and are linked to stronger intentions and higher likelihood of meeting
PA guidelines.
◎ What are the four types of social support? ANSWER:- Instrumental, Emotional,
Informational, and Appraisal (validation).
◎ What is instrumental support? ANSWER:- Tangible, practical assistance (e.g.,
childcare so someone can exercise).
◎ What is emotional support? ANSWER:- Encouragement, empathy, and caring.
◎ What is informational support? ANSWER:- Advice, suggestions, or directions.
◎ What is appraisal support? ANSWER:- Feedback used to evaluate progress.
◎ What type of social support predicted exercise adherence in Duncan et al. (1993)?
ANSWER:- Emotional support.
◎ How do quantitative and qualitative research differ regarding social support?
ANSWER:- Quantitative research shows small effects; qualitative research suggests
support is very important to exercisers.
, ◎ What is a potential downside of family support? ANSWER:- Behavioral reactance
(feeling controlled) and safety concerns limiting PA.
◎ How does health care provider support influence PA? ANSWER:- Even brief
counseling increases PA at 6- and 12-month follow-up.
◎ Why is written exercise advice often more effective than verbal advice? ANSWER:- It
reinforces recommendations and supports gradual, wellness-focused changes.
◎ What leadership styles enhance exercise experiences? ANSWER:- Socially
supportive and autonomy-supportive leadership.
◎ What outcomes result from supportive leadership styles? ANSWER:- Greater self-
efficacy, enjoyment, adherence, intentions, and less fatigue and embarrassment.
◎ What is group cohesion? ANSWER:- The degree to which group members stick
together and feel united toward goals.
◎ Why does group cohesion improve adherence? ANSWER:- Possibly due to
increased self-efficacy, social support, and verbal persuasion.
◎ How does group composition affect adherence? ANSWER:- People adhere more
when group members are similar to themselves.
◎ What is a mastery climate? ANSWER:- A motivational climate emphasizing self-
improvement, effort, and learning.
◎ What is a performance climate? ANSWER:- A climate emphasizing social
comparison and rewarding only the best performers.
◎ Which climate promotes intrinsic motivation? ANSWER:- Mastery climate.
◎ What is social facilitation? ANSWER:- The presence of others increases effort.
◎ How do co-exercisers affect RPE? ANSWER:- RPE is lower when others appear to
exercise easily.
◎ What is included in the built environment? ANSWER:- Sidewalks, bike lanes, lighting,
safety features, density, and destinations.
◎ What is included in the natural environment? ANSWER:- Weather, green space, and
terrain.
