PN FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING EVOLVE HESI
STUDY GUIDE | TESTBANK | PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | EXAM PREPARATION |
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAM | ADVANCED
REVIEW | LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027
Examiner:
HESI (Health Education Systems, Inc.) / Elsevier Evolve
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Foundations of Practical Nursing
2. Nursing Process and Clinical Judgment
3. Patient Safety and Quality Improvement
4. Infection Prevention and Control
5. Vital Signs and Health Assessment
6. Documentation and Communication
7. Mobility, Positioning, and Body Mechanics
8. Hygiene, Comfort, and Skin Integrity
9. Nutrition and Hydration
10.Medication Administration Fundamentals
11.Elimination
12.Oxygenation
13.Perioperative Nursing
14.Pain Management
15.Ethical and Legal Nursing Practice
16.Cultural and Spiritual Care
17.Delegation and Prioritization
18.Patient Education
19.Emergency Nursing Fundamentals
20.Professional Responsibilities
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING || NURSING PROCESS || CLINICAL
JUDGMENT || PATIENT SAFETY || INFECTION CONTROL || ASEPSIS
|| STANDARD PRECAUTIONS || VITAL SIGNS || DOCUMENTATION ||
COMMUNICATION || DELEGATION || PRIORITIZATION || ETHICS ||
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES || MEDICATION SAFETY || FALL
,PREVENTION || PRESSURE INJURY PREVENTION || PAIN
MANAGEMENT || HYDRATION || NUTRITION || OXYGENATION ||
ELIMINATION || MOBILITY || PATIENT EDUCATION || QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT || PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
Disclaimer: These are original practice questions designed for exam
preparation and are not actual HESI or Elsevier examination
questions.
────────────────────────────────────────
QUESTION 1.
A practical nurse receives report on four clients at the beginning of the shift.
Which client should be assessed first?
A. A postoperative client reporting sudden shortness of breath and chest pain
B. A client with chronic heart failure requesting assistance to the bathroom
C. A client with diabetes whose breakfast tray has arrived before insulin
administration
D. A client with arthritis requesting scheduled pain medication
Correct Answer: A. A postoperative client reporting sudden
shortness of breath and chest pain
Explanation: The postoperative client experiencing sudden dyspnea
and chest pain may be developing a pulmonary embolism, which is a
life-threatening emergency requiring immediate assessment. The
remaining clients have important but less urgent needs that can
safely follow after stabilization of the potentially unstable client.
────────────────────────────────────────
QUESTION 2.
A nurse prepares to insert an indwelling urinary catheter using sterile technique.
Which action requires immediate correction?
A. Cleansing from the urethral opening outward using a new swab with each
stroke
B. Allowing the sterile catheter to touch the client's inner thigh before insertion
,C. Maintaining the sterile field above waist level throughout the procedure
D. Donning sterile gloves before opening the catheter tray
Correct Answer: B. Allowing the sterile catheter to touch the
client's inner thigh before insertion
Explanation: Contact with the client's nonsterile skin contaminates
the catheter and increases the risk of catheter-associated urinary
tract infection. The remaining actions demonstrate appropriate
sterile technique during catheter insertion.
────────────────────────────────────────
QUESTION 3.
A nurse caring for a client with dysphagia prepares to administer oral
medications. Which intervention best reduces the risk for aspiration?
A. Position the client flat to improve swallowing coordination.
B. Crush all medications regardless of formulation.
C. Place the client in high Fowler's position and verify swallowing ability
before administration.
D. Encourage rapid swallowing to minimize fatigue.
Correct Answer: C. Place the client in high Fowler's position and
verify swallowing ability before administration.
Explanation: Upright positioning significantly reduces aspiration
risk by promoting effective swallowing and airway protection. Some
medications must not be crushed, and lying flat or encouraging rapid
swallowing increases the likelihood of aspiration.
────────────────────────────────────────
QUESTION 4.
A client receiving oxygen therapy becomes increasingly restless and confused.
The pulse oximeter now reads 84%. What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Document the findings.
B. Notify dietary services.
, C. Reassess the client in one hour.
D. Assess airway patency and ensure oxygen delivery equipment is functioning
properly.
Correct Answer: D. Assess airway patency and ensure oxygen
delivery equipment is functioning properly.
Explanation: Restlessness, confusion, and hypoxemia indicate
inadequate oxygenation requiring immediate assessment of the
airway and oxygen delivery system before additional interventions.
Delaying assessment could allow rapid clinical deterioration.
────────────────────────────────────────
QUESTION 5.
During medication administration, a client questions whether a newly
prescribed tablet is correct. What is the nurse's best response?
A. Hold the medication until verifying the prescription with the medication
administration record and provider if needed.
B. Explain that pharmacy has already verified the medication.
C. Ask another nurse to administer the medication.
D. Encourage the client to take the medication while verification occurs later.
Correct Answer: A. Hold the medication until verifying the
prescription with the medication administration record and
provider if needed.
Explanation: Medication safety requires verification whenever
uncertainty exists. Administering a questionable medication before
confirming accuracy violates safe medication administration
principles and could cause patient harm.
────────────────────────────────────────
QUESTION 6.
Which nursing intervention most effectively reduces the transmission of
multidrug-resistant organisms?
STUDY GUIDE | TESTBANK | PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | EXAM PREPARATION |
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAM | ADVANCED
REVIEW | LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027
Examiner:
HESI (Health Education Systems, Inc.) / Elsevier Evolve
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Foundations of Practical Nursing
2. Nursing Process and Clinical Judgment
3. Patient Safety and Quality Improvement
4. Infection Prevention and Control
5. Vital Signs and Health Assessment
6. Documentation and Communication
7. Mobility, Positioning, and Body Mechanics
8. Hygiene, Comfort, and Skin Integrity
9. Nutrition and Hydration
10.Medication Administration Fundamentals
11.Elimination
12.Oxygenation
13.Perioperative Nursing
14.Pain Management
15.Ethical and Legal Nursing Practice
16.Cultural and Spiritual Care
17.Delegation and Prioritization
18.Patient Education
19.Emergency Nursing Fundamentals
20.Professional Responsibilities
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING || NURSING PROCESS || CLINICAL
JUDGMENT || PATIENT SAFETY || INFECTION CONTROL || ASEPSIS
|| STANDARD PRECAUTIONS || VITAL SIGNS || DOCUMENTATION ||
COMMUNICATION || DELEGATION || PRIORITIZATION || ETHICS ||
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES || MEDICATION SAFETY || FALL
,PREVENTION || PRESSURE INJURY PREVENTION || PAIN
MANAGEMENT || HYDRATION || NUTRITION || OXYGENATION ||
ELIMINATION || MOBILITY || PATIENT EDUCATION || QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT || PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
Disclaimer: These are original practice questions designed for exam
preparation and are not actual HESI or Elsevier examination
questions.
────────────────────────────────────────
QUESTION 1.
A practical nurse receives report on four clients at the beginning of the shift.
Which client should be assessed first?
A. A postoperative client reporting sudden shortness of breath and chest pain
B. A client with chronic heart failure requesting assistance to the bathroom
C. A client with diabetes whose breakfast tray has arrived before insulin
administration
D. A client with arthritis requesting scheduled pain medication
Correct Answer: A. A postoperative client reporting sudden
shortness of breath and chest pain
Explanation: The postoperative client experiencing sudden dyspnea
and chest pain may be developing a pulmonary embolism, which is a
life-threatening emergency requiring immediate assessment. The
remaining clients have important but less urgent needs that can
safely follow after stabilization of the potentially unstable client.
────────────────────────────────────────
QUESTION 2.
A nurse prepares to insert an indwelling urinary catheter using sterile technique.
Which action requires immediate correction?
A. Cleansing from the urethral opening outward using a new swab with each
stroke
B. Allowing the sterile catheter to touch the client's inner thigh before insertion
,C. Maintaining the sterile field above waist level throughout the procedure
D. Donning sterile gloves before opening the catheter tray
Correct Answer: B. Allowing the sterile catheter to touch the
client's inner thigh before insertion
Explanation: Contact with the client's nonsterile skin contaminates
the catheter and increases the risk of catheter-associated urinary
tract infection. The remaining actions demonstrate appropriate
sterile technique during catheter insertion.
────────────────────────────────────────
QUESTION 3.
A nurse caring for a client with dysphagia prepares to administer oral
medications. Which intervention best reduces the risk for aspiration?
A. Position the client flat to improve swallowing coordination.
B. Crush all medications regardless of formulation.
C. Place the client in high Fowler's position and verify swallowing ability
before administration.
D. Encourage rapid swallowing to minimize fatigue.
Correct Answer: C. Place the client in high Fowler's position and
verify swallowing ability before administration.
Explanation: Upright positioning significantly reduces aspiration
risk by promoting effective swallowing and airway protection. Some
medications must not be crushed, and lying flat or encouraging rapid
swallowing increases the likelihood of aspiration.
────────────────────────────────────────
QUESTION 4.
A client receiving oxygen therapy becomes increasingly restless and confused.
The pulse oximeter now reads 84%. What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Document the findings.
B. Notify dietary services.
, C. Reassess the client in one hour.
D. Assess airway patency and ensure oxygen delivery equipment is functioning
properly.
Correct Answer: D. Assess airway patency and ensure oxygen
delivery equipment is functioning properly.
Explanation: Restlessness, confusion, and hypoxemia indicate
inadequate oxygenation requiring immediate assessment of the
airway and oxygen delivery system before additional interventions.
Delaying assessment could allow rapid clinical deterioration.
────────────────────────────────────────
QUESTION 5.
During medication administration, a client questions whether a newly
prescribed tablet is correct. What is the nurse's best response?
A. Hold the medication until verifying the prescription with the medication
administration record and provider if needed.
B. Explain that pharmacy has already verified the medication.
C. Ask another nurse to administer the medication.
D. Encourage the client to take the medication while verification occurs later.
Correct Answer: A. Hold the medication until verifying the
prescription with the medication administration record and
provider if needed.
Explanation: Medication safety requires verification whenever
uncertainty exists. Administering a questionable medication before
confirming accuracy violates safe medication administration
principles and could cause patient harm.
────────────────────────────────────────
QUESTION 6.
Which nursing intervention most effectively reduces the transmission of
multidrug-resistant organisms?
