TESTOUT LINUX PRO EXAM
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS
SOLVED QUESTIONS VERIFIED COMPLETE
PREP
⩥ From the Console (The keyboard and monitor attached to a computer
running Linux).
Answer: Press the following key combinations:
Ctrl+Alt+F1 (in some Linux distributions, Alt+F1) will start or switch to
the first Linux shell session.
Ctrl+Alt+F2 through Ctrl+Alt+F6 (in some Linux distributions, Alt+F2
through Alt+F6) will switch to the second through sixth shell sessions.
While Linux distributions will vary, in most cases when a GUI is
installed, it will use the first console session. Use Ctrl+Alt+F1 to switch
to a graphical login screen. If you are already logged in, Ctrl+Alt+F7
will switch to the desktop GUI.
⩥ From a desktop GUI.
Answer: Open a terminal session from the applications menu.
⩥ sh.
Answer: The Bourne shell is the oldest Linux shell, but is not widely
used. This shell was developed for UNIX in the 1970s.
,⩥ bash.
Answer: The Bourne-again shell (Bash) is the default shell used by most
Linux distributions. It uses commands similar to a UNIX shell. The Bash
includes:
Command and file name completion when pressing the Tab key
Command history
⩥ zsh.
Answer: The Z Shell (zsh) is an improved version of Bash and is
available on many Linux distributions.
⩥ shh.
Answer: The Bourne shell (sh) is an earlier version of bash, and is
similar in many ways. The sh shell was originally created by Steve
Bourne.
⩥ ksh.
Answer: The Korn shell (ksh) provides scripting features not found in
Bash. Ksh was developed by David Korn.
⩥ csh.
Answer: The C-shell (csh) uses syntax similar to the syntax used in the
C programming language.
, ⩥ tcsh.
Answer: The tcsh shell is an improved version of csh. It offers command
line editing and completion features that are not available in csh.
⩥ /etc/shells.
Answer: If a shell type is installed, it will be listed in the /etc/shells file.
You can switch to any shell by typing the shell's name. For example,
type ksh within any shell to switch to the Korn shell.
⩥ echo $SHELL.
Answer: The echo $SHELL command returns the default or preferred
shell. The environment $SHELL holds the user's preferred shell which is
typically set in /etc/passwd. For example, if bash is the user's preferred
shell, $SHELL will hold the value, /bin/bash. The preferred shell does
not change when you switch shell types.
⩥ echo $0.
Answer: The echo $0 command can be used to return the current shell
type. The special variable $0 normally holds the command used to start a
script. A shell session is initiated by a script. Consequently, $0 will hold
the name of the script which is consistent with the shell type. For
example, $0 in a console session running bash might hold the value -
bash, $0 in a terminal application opened from a desktop menu might
hold the value bash. When you type ksh, the ksh script is run, a Korn
shell session is opened and $0 will hold the value ksh.
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS
SOLVED QUESTIONS VERIFIED COMPLETE
PREP
⩥ From the Console (The keyboard and monitor attached to a computer
running Linux).
Answer: Press the following key combinations:
Ctrl+Alt+F1 (in some Linux distributions, Alt+F1) will start or switch to
the first Linux shell session.
Ctrl+Alt+F2 through Ctrl+Alt+F6 (in some Linux distributions, Alt+F2
through Alt+F6) will switch to the second through sixth shell sessions.
While Linux distributions will vary, in most cases when a GUI is
installed, it will use the first console session. Use Ctrl+Alt+F1 to switch
to a graphical login screen. If you are already logged in, Ctrl+Alt+F7
will switch to the desktop GUI.
⩥ From a desktop GUI.
Answer: Open a terminal session from the applications menu.
⩥ sh.
Answer: The Bourne shell is the oldest Linux shell, but is not widely
used. This shell was developed for UNIX in the 1970s.
,⩥ bash.
Answer: The Bourne-again shell (Bash) is the default shell used by most
Linux distributions. It uses commands similar to a UNIX shell. The Bash
includes:
Command and file name completion when pressing the Tab key
Command history
⩥ zsh.
Answer: The Z Shell (zsh) is an improved version of Bash and is
available on many Linux distributions.
⩥ shh.
Answer: The Bourne shell (sh) is an earlier version of bash, and is
similar in many ways. The sh shell was originally created by Steve
Bourne.
⩥ ksh.
Answer: The Korn shell (ksh) provides scripting features not found in
Bash. Ksh was developed by David Korn.
⩥ csh.
Answer: The C-shell (csh) uses syntax similar to the syntax used in the
C programming language.
, ⩥ tcsh.
Answer: The tcsh shell is an improved version of csh. It offers command
line editing and completion features that are not available in csh.
⩥ /etc/shells.
Answer: If a shell type is installed, it will be listed in the /etc/shells file.
You can switch to any shell by typing the shell's name. For example,
type ksh within any shell to switch to the Korn shell.
⩥ echo $SHELL.
Answer: The echo $SHELL command returns the default or preferred
shell. The environment $SHELL holds the user's preferred shell which is
typically set in /etc/passwd. For example, if bash is the user's preferred
shell, $SHELL will hold the value, /bin/bash. The preferred shell does
not change when you switch shell types.
⩥ echo $0.
Answer: The echo $0 command can be used to return the current shell
type. The special variable $0 normally holds the command used to start a
script. A shell session is initiated by a script. Consequently, $0 will hold
the name of the script which is consistent with the shell type. For
example, $0 in a console session running bash might hold the value -
bash, $0 in a terminal application opened from a desktop menu might
hold the value bash. When you type ksh, the ksh script is run, a Korn
shell session is opened and $0 will hold the value ksh.
