PSY 352-EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is personality? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a. An individuals
| | | | | | | |
characteristic pattern of thinking, acting and feeling | | | | | |
How would you describe the traits vs. situationism debate? - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔--Situationism: view of personality that view behavior as a | | | | | | | | |
function of the situation, not internal traits. "multiple selves"
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-Traits: intuitive appeal of perspective
| | | |
psychoanalytic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-unconscious forces | | | |
trait - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-stable, defining characteristics
| | | | |
biological - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-inherited predispositions,
| | | | |
physiological processes |
humanistic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-self actualization, growth
| | | | |
behavioral - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-conditions, learned expectations
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,cognitive - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-information processing
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What is self-report data, and what are its strengths and weaknesses? -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Ask someone about themselves ( 20 statement
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test)
|
Strengths: access to info others don't have (anxiety, self-esteem, goals)
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Weaknesses: do people have accurate self knowledge and will they be
| | | | | | | | | | |
honest
How does social desirability influence the validity of self-report data? -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-It is the tendency to answer in attractive/likable
| | | | | | | | |
ways (lying, distorted, self-perception). You can control this by using a
| | | | | | | | | | |
forced questionnaire. Ex: Crownes marlow scale. Do you like soft or
| | | | | | | | | | |
crunchy food? |
What is observer-report data, and what are its strengths and
| | | | | | | | | |
weaknesses? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Ask someone else about that
| | | | | | | |
person
Strengths: access to info not available to person, multiple perspective
| | | | | | | | |
Weaknesses: biased by own personality experiences with a person
| | | | | | | |
What is test data, and what are its strengths and weaknesses? -
| | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Puts people in identical situation
| | | | | |
,Strengths: controlled situation, allows hypothesis testing
| | | | |
Weaknesses: possibility of participants, researcher bias
| | | | |
What is life-outcome data, and what are its strengths and weaknesses? -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Examines life events (marriage, divorce, jobs)
| | | | | | | |
Use S & O data to predict L data
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What does it mean to say that a psychological measure is reliable, valid,
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and generalizable? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Reliability: consistent
| | | | | |
results
Valid: measures what it claims to measure
| | | | | |
Generalization: applies to whole population | | | |
What is descriptive research, and what are its strengths and
| | | | | | | | | |
weaknesses? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-In-depth examination of an
| | | | | | |
individuals personality | |
Strengths: lots of detail, good source for ideas to test in larger groups
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Weaknesses: low generalization | |
What is a correlation? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Is the measure of how
| | | | | | | | | | |
closely related 2 variables are (how much they predict one another)
| | | | | | | | | |
Strengths: demonstrates covariation, easy to do, low cost, when a
| | | | | | | | | |
variable cannot be manipulated
| | | |
, Weaknesses: correlation does not imply causation | | | | | |
3rd variable problem
| |
Correlation coefficient - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Statistic between -1 and
| | | | | | |
+1 that indicates direction and size of correlation
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What is the difference between positive, negative, and zero
| | | | | | | | |
correlations? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Positive: increase in 1 variable
| | | | | | | |
predicts increase in other (height & weight, health & income level,
| | | | | | | | | | |
studying & GPA) | |
-Negative: increase in 1 variable predicts decrease in other (self-esteem
| | | | | | | | | |
and depression) | |
-Zero: no predictive relationship
| | |
Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Research that includes IV and DV
| | | | | | | |
Independent variable and dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | |
IV: something we manipulate to create groups (condition). Experimental
| | | | | | | |
|vs control
| |
DV: variable measured by researcher to compare conditions
| | | | | | |
What is a trait? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Characteristic pattern of
| | | | | | | | |
behavior or dispositions to feel and act a certain way. Internal causal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
properties
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is personality? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a. An individuals
| | | | | | | |
characteristic pattern of thinking, acting and feeling | | | | | |
How would you describe the traits vs. situationism debate? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔--Situationism: view of personality that view behavior as a | | | | | | | | |
function of the situation, not internal traits. "multiple selves"
| | | | | | | | |
-Traits: intuitive appeal of perspective
| | | |
psychoanalytic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-unconscious forces | | | |
trait - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-stable, defining characteristics
| | | | |
biological - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-inherited predispositions,
| | | | |
physiological processes |
humanistic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-self actualization, growth
| | | | |
behavioral - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-conditions, learned expectations
| | | | |
,cognitive - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-information processing
| | | |
What is self-report data, and what are its strengths and weaknesses? -
| | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Ask someone about themselves ( 20 statement
| | | | | | | |
test)
|
Strengths: access to info others don't have (anxiety, self-esteem, goals)
| | | | | | | | |
Weaknesses: do people have accurate self knowledge and will they be
| | | | | | | | | | |
honest
How does social desirability influence the validity of self-report data? -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-It is the tendency to answer in attractive/likable
| | | | | | | | |
ways (lying, distorted, self-perception). You can control this by using a
| | | | | | | | | | |
forced questionnaire. Ex: Crownes marlow scale. Do you like soft or
| | | | | | | | | | |
crunchy food? |
What is observer-report data, and what are its strengths and
| | | | | | | | | |
weaknesses? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Ask someone else about that
| | | | | | | |
person
Strengths: access to info not available to person, multiple perspective
| | | | | | | | |
Weaknesses: biased by own personality experiences with a person
| | | | | | | |
What is test data, and what are its strengths and weaknesses? -
| | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Puts people in identical situation
| | | | | |
,Strengths: controlled situation, allows hypothesis testing
| | | | |
Weaknesses: possibility of participants, researcher bias
| | | | |
What is life-outcome data, and what are its strengths and weaknesses? -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Examines life events (marriage, divorce, jobs)
| | | | | | | |
Use S & O data to predict L data
| | | | | | | |
What does it mean to say that a psychological measure is reliable, valid,
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and generalizable? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Reliability: consistent
| | | | | |
results
Valid: measures what it claims to measure
| | | | | |
Generalization: applies to whole population | | | |
What is descriptive research, and what are its strengths and
| | | | | | | | | |
weaknesses? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-In-depth examination of an
| | | | | | |
individuals personality | |
Strengths: lots of detail, good source for ideas to test in larger groups
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Weaknesses: low generalization | |
What is a correlation? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Is the measure of how
| | | | | | | | | | |
closely related 2 variables are (how much they predict one another)
| | | | | | | | | |
Strengths: demonstrates covariation, easy to do, low cost, when a
| | | | | | | | | |
variable cannot be manipulated
| | | |
, Weaknesses: correlation does not imply causation | | | | | |
3rd variable problem
| |
Correlation coefficient - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Statistic between -1 and
| | | | | | |
+1 that indicates direction and size of correlation
| | | | | | | |
What is the difference between positive, negative, and zero
| | | | | | | | |
correlations? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Positive: increase in 1 variable
| | | | | | | |
predicts increase in other (height & weight, health & income level,
| | | | | | | | | | |
studying & GPA) | |
-Negative: increase in 1 variable predicts decrease in other (self-esteem
| | | | | | | | | |
and depression) | |
-Zero: no predictive relationship
| | |
Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Research that includes IV and DV
| | | | | | | |
Independent variable and dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | |
IV: something we manipulate to create groups (condition). Experimental
| | | | | | | |
|vs control
| |
DV: variable measured by researcher to compare conditions
| | | | | | |
What is a trait? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Characteristic pattern of
| | | | | | | | |
behavior or dispositions to feel and act a certain way. Internal causal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
properties
