HSC 4551 SURVEY OF HUMAN DISEASES CH. 7-9 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

HSC 4551 SURVEY OF HUMAN DISEASES CH. 7-9 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Which is not true of blood plasma? most of its volume consists of water it destroys foreign objects in the bloodstream it carries hormones it contains protein - Answers it destroys foreign objects in the bloodstream How are erythrocytes produced in numbers sufficient for maintaining adequate gas exchange throughout the body? stored iron from the liver goes to the spleen, the iron bonds with globin protein and is encased in a cell membrane. mature erythrocytes are released through the splenic duct dead erythrocytes are absorbed by the liver, where iron stores are used to replenish their hemoglobin before they are returned to the bloodstream low levels of erythrocytes in the blood triggers red blood cells to divide erythropoetin stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells - Answers erythropoetin stimulates stem cells in the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells How does an erythrocyte carry oxygen? it is held in the concave area on the cell surface it is bound to hemoglobin it is held in microscopic gas pockets in the cytoplasm it binds to a receptor in the cell membrane - Answers it is bound to hemoglobin A patient has made an appointment with a health care provider because he has been suffering from unexplained fevers and frequent infections that take a long time to recover from. Which blood component would the provider be most interested in evaluating? leukocytes plasma protein erythrocytes platelets - Answers leukocytes You are working with a hematologist (specialist in diseases of the blood) and a patient with severe liver disease has been referred to your office. When preparing for the visit, you anticipate the patient will be evaluated for high blood pressure abnormal bleeding infection rapid heart beat - Answers abnormal bleeding Susan is has a history of anemia and is looking for dietary supplements that will help her to avoid this condition. Which of these supplements would not be useful in preventing anemia? calcium folic acid vitamin B12 iron - Answers calcium You are helping to care for a patient who is severely anemic in the setting of a normal iron level. There is no elevation in serum bilirubin. The red blood cells are normal in size and shape. What would be the next step in determining the cause of this patient's anemia? measure B12 and folic acid levels assess for gastrointestinal bleeding perform a splenectomy perform kidney function tests - Answers perform kidney function tests Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distress are symptoms of anemia of chronic disease pernicious anemia hemolytic anemia iron deficiency anemia - Answers pernicious anemia How much B12 intake is needed to prevent pernicious anemia due to B12 deficiency? 400 micrograms 2.5 micrograms 10 micrograms 1 microgram - Answers 2.5 micrograms You are reading threads in an online health forum and find a question from a woman who suffers from Crohn's disease. She says the doctor told her she has low blood counts but didn't have time to explain it to her. She is feeling very tired and looking for things she could do to feel better. You see several responses. Which one do you agree with and encourage her to try? "I heard that taking extra vitamin C can help you absorb iron better so you can build your blood counts back up." "You should be checked for internal bleeding. That might be happening when you don't even know it." "If you have Crohn's disease, you have to take a lot of extra folic acid because you can only process a little bit of what you take in. You need folic acid for your blood." "I bet you have some kind of genetic problem that's messing up your bowels and your blood at the same time. You should have genetic testing." - Answers "If you have Crohn's disease, you have to take a lot of extra folic acid because you can only process a little bit of what you take in. You need folic acid for your blood." How much of the African American population has sickle cell trait? 50% 0.5% 1-3% 10% - Answers 10% An African American couple have made an appointment with a certified nurse midwife for pre-conception counseling. Neither of them have been tested for sickle cell trait in the past and they don't know if it is necessary. The midwife's counseling should include informing the couple their child will likely have a severe form of the disease if they both have the trait suggesting the couple forego testing because risk for the disease can not be predicted strategies by which the mother can prevent transmission of trait or disease to her child informing the couple that only one of them needs to be tested because children with one parent who does not have the trait will be completely unaffected - Answers informing the couple their child will likely have a severe form of the disease if they both have the trait What causes the pain and tissue damage associated with sickle cell anemia? red blood cells that cannot pass through blood vessels because of their abnormal shape, creating blockages shrinkage of blood vessels in response to toxins produced by abnormal cells the buildup of waste products from dead red blood cells damage to nerve cells resulting from decreased oxygenation - Answers red blood cells that cannot pass through blood vessels because of their abnormal shape, creating blockages What is the underlying cause of thalassemia? a genetic defect in the synthesis of the proteins that make up hemoglobin a genetic defect that causes weakness in the red blood cell membrane a genetic defect in the mechanism that releases erythropoietin a genetic inability to absorb iron - Answers a genetic defect in the synthesis of the proteins that make up hemoglobin Clotting disorders are problems associated with hemostasis. What is the definition of hemostasis? platelet aggregation platelets in a resting state the arrest of bleeding abnormal bleeding - Answers the arrest of bleeding An emergency medical technician (EMT) has been called to the home of an elderly woman. Her children are very concerned because she fell in her carpeted bedroom and has multiple bruises (ecchymoses). They have also noticed little red spots on her skin lately but were not concerned until now. The EMT will be handle this patient very gently because he suspects she has neutropenia thrombocytopenia hemolytic anemia immune deficiency - Answers thrombocytopenia How is vitamin K synthesized in the body? by exposure to sunlight by intestinal bacteria by stimulation of osseous bone tissues vitamin K is absorbed from cauliflower, carrots, and cucumbers - Answers by intestinal bacteria The most common genetic disorder in the world is sickle cell anemia kleinfelter's syndrome hemophilia thalassemia - Answers thalassemia A patient has been diagnosed with Von Willebrand's disease after a skiing accident. He should be counseled on the possibility of needing regular blood transfusions the need for regular vitamin K injections in the future the possibility of frequent hospitalizations for pain control lifestyle modifications aimed at avoiding future injuries - Answers lifestyle modifications aimed at avoiding future injuries You are a nurse at a hematology clinic. One of your patients is a 17-year-old boy with hemophilia. He hates to be at the doctor so frequently and often does not tell anyone when he has joint pain. You should encourage him to report his symptoms and explain that he could cure his hemophilia if he followed his medication regimen the problems in his joints could initiate responses in his immune system that make his hemophilia worse it would be better for him to take medications for the pain without proper treatment, the bleeding and inflammation in his joints could progress to severe disability - Answers without proper treatment, the bleeding and inflammation in his joints could progress to severe disability A chemotherapy patient calls the cancer center's on-call nurse to report not feeling well and having a low grade fever. The nurse suspects she is suffering from polycythemia neutropenia hemolysis thrombocytopenia - Answers neutropenia What is the best course of action for a chemotherapy patient who has been diagnosed with severe neutropenia? close follow up at an outpatient clinic bed rest at home hospitalization in an isolation room and intravenous antibiotics blood transfusion - Answers hospitalization in an isolation room and intravenous antibiotics Neutropenia can be a complication of rheumatoid arthritis vitamin malabsorbtion trauma genetic disorders - Answers rheumatoid arthritis The mucus-coated lining of the respiratory tract is known as the respiratory ______________. smooth muscle tissue endothelium epidermis epithelium - Answers epithelium As air is being inhaled, which structure in the respiratory tract does it pass through after the larynx, but before the bronchi? trachea lungs pharynx nasal cavity - Answers trachea What term describes the small air sacs located in the lungs where gas exchange occurs? capillaries cilia bronchioles alveoli - Answers alveoli The double-layered membrane that encases the lungs is called the __________. thoracic cavity chest wall pleura squamous epithelium - Answers pleura Difficulty breathing is also known as ____________. hyperventilation apnea asthma dyspnea - Answers dyspnea What does the term hemoptysis refer to? abnormal breath sounds excessive sputum nonproductive cough coughing blood - Answers coughing blood What does cyanosis, a blue color in the skin and nails, indicate? high fever low fever low oxygen levels high oxygen levels - Answers low oxygen levels Clubbing of the fingers or toes is an indicator of ___________ and __________. circulatory problems, malnutrition poor oxygenation, a compromised immune system poor oxygenation, circulatory problems poor oxygenation, malnutrition - Answers poor oxygenation, circulatory problems What does a spirometer measure? diaphragm strength air pressure in the lungs air capacity of the lungs amount of fluid in the lungs - Answers air capacity of the lungs Which is incorrect about measuring peak expiratory flow? a patient's peak flow can indicate how well their lungs are functioning it can be done at home without supervision the optimal peak expiratory flow is the same for everyone