Grade 2026\2027
Components of evaluation process
- correct answer 1. demographic information
2. History of injury
3. Observations
4. Edema
5. ROM
6. Strength
7. Sensation
8. Coordination
9. Provocative testing
Components of clinical observations
- correct answer 1. inspection
2. wounds/scar
3. trophic changes
4. vasomotor status
Aspects of clinical inspection
- correct answer atrophy, edema, congruency of bony landmarks,
nodules/wrinkles/calluses/contractures/deformities, cascade of metacarpals, redness, skin changes
Possible observable trophic changes
- correct answer Nail growth, shape, colour
, Components of a vasomotor exam
- correct answer Cap refill and pulses
Reasons for poor circulation
- correct answer smoking, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, cardiac disease, occupational factors
Types of edema
- correct answer -Pitting - acute
-Brawny - chronic
Ways to measure edema
- correct answer Volumeter
Circumference
Figure of 8
Truncated measure
AROM
- correct answer Muscular ability to move a joint
Limitation due to edema, contracture, denervation, adhesions, subluxations, fractures
PROM
- correct answer Ability of a joint to move through its normal arc of movement
Limitations associated with capsular tightness, contractors, joint incongruity, malunited fractures, and
fixed deformities
Strength assessment
- correct answer Most common strength assessment = MMTs
Weakness may be associated with peripheral nerve injury, CNS injury, atrophy, or pain
Grip strength
Grip strength testing
- correct answer average of three trials on level 2 with dynamometer