HNG 540 Exam 2 #1 Questions with correct answers
Ethics - ✔✔a process of systematically examining varying viewpoints related to
moral questions of right and wrong
Bioethics - ✔✔The study and formulation of healthcare ethics. Takes on relevant
ethical problems experienced by healthcare providers in the provision of care to
individuals and groups.
Ethical Dilemma - ✔✔Arises when moral issues raise questions that cannot be
answered with a simple, clearly defined rule, fact, or authoritative view
Morals - ✔✔Refer to social conventions about right and wrong human conduct
that are so widely shared that they form a stable (although usually incomplete)
communal consensus
Moral Dilemmas - ✔✔Arise with uncertainty, as is the case when a person is
confronted with evidence that indicates an action is morally right and other
evidence that indicates the same action is morally wrong.
Ethical Decision Making - ✔✔Refers to the process of making informed choices
about ethical dilemmas based on a set of standards differentiating right from
wrong.
Non-maleficence - ✔✔"do not harm". Asserts an obligation not to inflict harm
intentionally and forms the framework for the standard of due care to be met by
any professional. Not inflicting harm and not imposing risks of harm.
,E-Health Code of Ethics - ✔✔(1) candor, (2) honesty, (3) quality, (4) informed
consent, (5) privacy, (6) professionalism, (7) responsible partnering, and (8)
accountability.
Hippocratic Tradition - ✔✔Emerged from relatively homogeneous societies in
which beliefs were similar and most societal members shared common values.
The emphasis was on duty, virtue, and gentlemanly conduct.
Principalsim - ✔✔Arose as societies became more heterogeneous and members
began experiencing a diversity of incompatible beliefs and values; it emerged as a
foundation for ethical decision-making. Principles were expansive enough to be
shared by all rational individuals, regardless of their backgrounds and individual
beliefs. Four guiding principles: (1) respect for autonomy, (2) non-maleficence, (3)
beneficence, and (4) justice.
Autonomy - ✔✔refers to an individual's freedom from controlling interferences
by others and from personal limitations that prevent meaningful choices, such as
inadequate understanding. Two conditions are essential:
liberty, meaning independence from controlling influences, and an individual's
capacity for intentional action.
Negligence - ✔✔A departure from the standard of due care toward others.
Includes intentionally imposing risks that are unreasonable and unintentionally
but carelessly imposing risks.
Beneficence - ✔✔Refers to actions performed that contribute to the welfare of
others. Two principles underlie: positive requires the provision of benefits, and
utility requires that benefits and drawbacks be balanced. One must avoid
negative, which occurs when constraints are placed on activities that, even
, though they might not be unjust, could in some situations cause detriment or
harm to others.
Justice - ✔✔Refers to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is
due or owed to a person.
Distributive Justice - ✔✔refers to fair, equitable, and appropriate distribution in
society as determined by justified norms that structure the terms of social
cooperation.
Substantive Rules - ✔✔Rules of truth telling, confidentiality, privacy, and fidelity
and those pertaining to the allocation and rationing of health care, omitting
treatment, physician-assisted suicide, and informed consent
Authority Rules - ✔✔Indicate who may and should perform actions.
Procedural rules - ✔✔establish the procedures to be followed.
Casuist Approach/ Casuistry - ✔✔Case-based ethical reasoning method that
analyzes the facts of a case in a sound, logical, ordered, and structured manner
The Husted Bioethical Decision-Making Model - ✔✔Decision-making model
centers on the healthcare professional's implicit agreement with the patient or
client (Husted & Husted, 1995). It is based on six contemporary bioethical
standards: (1) autonomy, (2) freedom, (3) veracity, (4) privacy, (5) beneficence,
and (6) fidelity.
Ethics - ✔✔a process of systematically examining varying viewpoints related to
moral questions of right and wrong
Bioethics - ✔✔The study and formulation of healthcare ethics. Takes on relevant
ethical problems experienced by healthcare providers in the provision of care to
individuals and groups.
Ethical Dilemma - ✔✔Arises when moral issues raise questions that cannot be
answered with a simple, clearly defined rule, fact, or authoritative view
Morals - ✔✔Refer to social conventions about right and wrong human conduct
that are so widely shared that they form a stable (although usually incomplete)
communal consensus
Moral Dilemmas - ✔✔Arise with uncertainty, as is the case when a person is
confronted with evidence that indicates an action is morally right and other
evidence that indicates the same action is morally wrong.
Ethical Decision Making - ✔✔Refers to the process of making informed choices
about ethical dilemmas based on a set of standards differentiating right from
wrong.
Non-maleficence - ✔✔"do not harm". Asserts an obligation not to inflict harm
intentionally and forms the framework for the standard of due care to be met by
any professional. Not inflicting harm and not imposing risks of harm.
,E-Health Code of Ethics - ✔✔(1) candor, (2) honesty, (3) quality, (4) informed
consent, (5) privacy, (6) professionalism, (7) responsible partnering, and (8)
accountability.
Hippocratic Tradition - ✔✔Emerged from relatively homogeneous societies in
which beliefs were similar and most societal members shared common values.
The emphasis was on duty, virtue, and gentlemanly conduct.
Principalsim - ✔✔Arose as societies became more heterogeneous and members
began experiencing a diversity of incompatible beliefs and values; it emerged as a
foundation for ethical decision-making. Principles were expansive enough to be
shared by all rational individuals, regardless of their backgrounds and individual
beliefs. Four guiding principles: (1) respect for autonomy, (2) non-maleficence, (3)
beneficence, and (4) justice.
Autonomy - ✔✔refers to an individual's freedom from controlling interferences
by others and from personal limitations that prevent meaningful choices, such as
inadequate understanding. Two conditions are essential:
liberty, meaning independence from controlling influences, and an individual's
capacity for intentional action.
Negligence - ✔✔A departure from the standard of due care toward others.
Includes intentionally imposing risks that are unreasonable and unintentionally
but carelessly imposing risks.
Beneficence - ✔✔Refers to actions performed that contribute to the welfare of
others. Two principles underlie: positive requires the provision of benefits, and
utility requires that benefits and drawbacks be balanced. One must avoid
negative, which occurs when constraints are placed on activities that, even
, though they might not be unjust, could in some situations cause detriment or
harm to others.
Justice - ✔✔Refers to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is
due or owed to a person.
Distributive Justice - ✔✔refers to fair, equitable, and appropriate distribution in
society as determined by justified norms that structure the terms of social
cooperation.
Substantive Rules - ✔✔Rules of truth telling, confidentiality, privacy, and fidelity
and those pertaining to the allocation and rationing of health care, omitting
treatment, physician-assisted suicide, and informed consent
Authority Rules - ✔✔Indicate who may and should perform actions.
Procedural rules - ✔✔establish the procedures to be followed.
Casuist Approach/ Casuistry - ✔✔Case-based ethical reasoning method that
analyzes the facts of a case in a sound, logical, ordered, and structured manner
The Husted Bioethical Decision-Making Model - ✔✔Decision-making model
centers on the healthcare professional's implicit agreement with the patient or
client (Husted & Husted, 1995). It is based on six contemporary bioethical
standards: (1) autonomy, (2) freedom, (3) veracity, (4) privacy, (5) beneficence,
and (6) fidelity.
