MMSC 200 STUDY EXAMS GUIDE UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔thymus gland - ✔✔lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to
react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response (THI-mus gland)
✔✔tolerance - ✔✔the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug,
requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
(TOL-er-antz)
✔✔tonsils - ✔✔masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx; form a
protective circle of lymphatic tissue around the entrance to the respiratory system (TON-
silz)
✔✔toxic - ✔✔poisonous; pertaining to poison (TOK-sik)
✔✔toxin - ✔✔a poison that can harm an organism; poison (TOK-sin)
✔✔vaccination - ✔✔injection of a weakened or mild form of a pathogen to produce
immunity (vak-si-NA-shun)
✔✔vaccine - ✔✔A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's
immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen (vak-SEN)
,✔✔acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - ✔✔The most advanced, and fatal, stage of
an HIV infection (AIDS) (a-KWIRD im-u-no-de-FISH-en-se SIN-drom)
✔✔allergen - ✔✔a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual (AL-er-
jen)
✔✔allergy - ✔✔a specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently
harmless substance (AL-er-je)
✔✔atopy - ✔✔hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition (AT-
o-pe)
✔✔CD4+ cell - ✔✔Helper T-cells which carry the CD4+ antigen on their surface (CD4
POS-i-tiv sel)
✔✔ELISA - ✔✔screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream; enzyme-
linked immunosorbent assay (e-LI-za)
✔✔Hodgkin lymphoma - ✔✔malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph
nodes (HOJ-kin lim-FO-ma)
✔✔human immunodeficiency virus - ✔✔a virus that attacks the immune system (HIV)
(HU-man im-u-no-de-FISH-en-se VI-rus)
✔✔immunoelectrophoresis - ✔✔test that separates immunoglobulins (im-u-no-e-lek-tro-
phor-E-sis)
✔✔Kaposi sarcoma - ✔✔cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on
the lower extremities that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal
organs; frequently seen with AIDS (KA-po-se (or ka-POS-se) sar-KO-ma)
✔✔lymphoma - ✔✔malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue (lim-FO-ma)
✔✔multiple myeloma - ✔✔malignant tumor of bone marrow cells (MULT-i-pl mi-e-LO-
ma)
✔✔non-Hodgkin lymphoma - ✔✔any of a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors
involving lymphoid tissue except for Hodgkin disease; previously called lymphosarcoma
(non-HOJ-kin lim-FO-ma)
✔✔opportunistic infections - ✔✔infections seen in patients with compromised immune
systems (op-por-tu-NIS-tik in-FEK-shunz)
, ✔✔protease inhibitors - ✔✔inhibit the processing of large viral proteins into individual
components (PRO-te-as in-HIB-i-torz)
✔✔reverse transcriptase inhibitors - ✔✔Act against an enzyme HIV uses in its
replication cycle
Do not harm people because humans lack reverse transcriptase (re-VERS trans-
SCRIPT-az in-HIB-i-torz)
✔✔severe combined immunodeficiency disease - ✔✔disorder involving a complete
absence of humoral and cellular immunity resulting from an X-linked or autosomal
genetic abnormality (se-VER kom-BIND im-u-no-de-FISH-en-se di-ZEZ)
✔✔thymoma - ✔✔tumor of the thymus gland (thi-MO-ma)
✔✔viral load test - ✔✔measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the
bloodstream (vi-ral lod test)
✔✔wasting syndrome - ✔✔weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and
mental activity; associated with AIDS (WAST-ing SIN-drom)
✔✔Western blot - ✔✔a test that detects HIV antibodies and confirms the results of
earlier EIA tests; the most common confirmation test for HIV in the United States (WES-
tern blot)
✔✔acetabular - ✔✔Pertaining to the acetabulum (hip socket) (a-ce-TAB-u-lar)
✔✔acetabulum - ✔✔hip socket (as-e-TAB-u-lum)
✔✔acromion - ✔✔Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the
shoulder (a-KRO-me-on)
✔✔articular cartilage - ✔✔covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to
form joints; hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints, articular bone
(ar-TIK-u-lar KAR-ti-laj)
✔✔bone - ✔✔Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton (BON)
✔✔bone depression - ✔✔opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones,
or passageways for blood vessels and nerves (BON de-PRE-shun)
✔✔bone process - ✔✔enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for
muscles, tendons, and ligaments (BON PRO-ses)
✔✔calcaneal - ✔✔pertaining to the heel (kal-KA-ne-al)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔thymus gland - ✔✔lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to
react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response (THI-mus gland)
✔✔tolerance - ✔✔the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug,
requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
(TOL-er-antz)
✔✔tonsils - ✔✔masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx; form a
protective circle of lymphatic tissue around the entrance to the respiratory system (TON-
silz)
✔✔toxic - ✔✔poisonous; pertaining to poison (TOK-sik)
✔✔toxin - ✔✔a poison that can harm an organism; poison (TOK-sin)
✔✔vaccination - ✔✔injection of a weakened or mild form of a pathogen to produce
immunity (vak-si-NA-shun)
✔✔vaccine - ✔✔A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's
immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen (vak-SEN)
,✔✔acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - ✔✔The most advanced, and fatal, stage of
an HIV infection (AIDS) (a-KWIRD im-u-no-de-FISH-en-se SIN-drom)
✔✔allergen - ✔✔a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual (AL-er-
jen)
✔✔allergy - ✔✔a specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently
harmless substance (AL-er-je)
✔✔atopy - ✔✔hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition (AT-
o-pe)
✔✔CD4+ cell - ✔✔Helper T-cells which carry the CD4+ antigen on their surface (CD4
POS-i-tiv sel)
✔✔ELISA - ✔✔screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream; enzyme-
linked immunosorbent assay (e-LI-za)
✔✔Hodgkin lymphoma - ✔✔malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph
nodes (HOJ-kin lim-FO-ma)
✔✔human immunodeficiency virus - ✔✔a virus that attacks the immune system (HIV)
(HU-man im-u-no-de-FISH-en-se VI-rus)
✔✔immunoelectrophoresis - ✔✔test that separates immunoglobulins (im-u-no-e-lek-tro-
phor-E-sis)
✔✔Kaposi sarcoma - ✔✔cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on
the lower extremities that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal
organs; frequently seen with AIDS (KA-po-se (or ka-POS-se) sar-KO-ma)
✔✔lymphoma - ✔✔malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue (lim-FO-ma)
✔✔multiple myeloma - ✔✔malignant tumor of bone marrow cells (MULT-i-pl mi-e-LO-
ma)
✔✔non-Hodgkin lymphoma - ✔✔any of a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors
involving lymphoid tissue except for Hodgkin disease; previously called lymphosarcoma
(non-HOJ-kin lim-FO-ma)
✔✔opportunistic infections - ✔✔infections seen in patients with compromised immune
systems (op-por-tu-NIS-tik in-FEK-shunz)
, ✔✔protease inhibitors - ✔✔inhibit the processing of large viral proteins into individual
components (PRO-te-as in-HIB-i-torz)
✔✔reverse transcriptase inhibitors - ✔✔Act against an enzyme HIV uses in its
replication cycle
Do not harm people because humans lack reverse transcriptase (re-VERS trans-
SCRIPT-az in-HIB-i-torz)
✔✔severe combined immunodeficiency disease - ✔✔disorder involving a complete
absence of humoral and cellular immunity resulting from an X-linked or autosomal
genetic abnormality (se-VER kom-BIND im-u-no-de-FISH-en-se di-ZEZ)
✔✔thymoma - ✔✔tumor of the thymus gland (thi-MO-ma)
✔✔viral load test - ✔✔measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the
bloodstream (vi-ral lod test)
✔✔wasting syndrome - ✔✔weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and
mental activity; associated with AIDS (WAST-ing SIN-drom)
✔✔Western blot - ✔✔a test that detects HIV antibodies and confirms the results of
earlier EIA tests; the most common confirmation test for HIV in the United States (WES-
tern blot)
✔✔acetabular - ✔✔Pertaining to the acetabulum (hip socket) (a-ce-TAB-u-lar)
✔✔acetabulum - ✔✔hip socket (as-e-TAB-u-lum)
✔✔acromion - ✔✔Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the
shoulder (a-KRO-me-on)
✔✔articular cartilage - ✔✔covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to
form joints; hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints, articular bone
(ar-TIK-u-lar KAR-ti-laj)
✔✔bone - ✔✔Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton (BON)
✔✔bone depression - ✔✔opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones,
or passageways for blood vessels and nerves (BON de-PRE-shun)
✔✔bone process - ✔✔enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for
muscles, tendons, and ligaments (BON PRO-ses)
✔✔calcaneal - ✔✔pertaining to the heel (kal-KA-ne-al)
