Portage Learning Anatomy and Physiology
(39)-compressed Exam Questions and
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
Pharynx (throat) performs the swallowing action that
passes food from the mouth into the
esophagus
Larynx voice box; passageway for air moving
from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal
cords
Bronchi two short branches located at the lower
end of the trachea that carry air into the
lungs.
Bronchioles Airways in the lungs that lead from the
bronchi to the alveoli.
Alveoli tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the
movement of gases between air and
blood
anatomical dead space air that never reaches the alveoli, no gas
exchange
, alveolar ventilation rate the volume of air per minute that actually
reaches the respiratory zone
spirometer instrument used to measure breathing
spirometry a measurement of breathing (or lung
volumes)
pulmonary fibrosis the formation of scar tissue in the lung,
resulting in decreased lung capacity and
increased difficulty in breathing
Emphysema a condition in which the air sacs of the
lungs are damaged and enlarged,
causing breathlessness.
Tidal Volume (TV) Amount of air that moves in and out of
the lungs during a normal breath
Inspiratory Reserve Volume Amount of air that can be forcefully
(IRV) inhaled after a normal tidal volume
inhalation
Expiratory Reserve Volume Amount of air that can be forcefully
(ERV) exhaled after a normal tidal volume
exhalation
residual volume Amount of air remaining in the lungs after
a forced exhalation
(39)-compressed Exam Questions and
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
Pharynx (throat) performs the swallowing action that
passes food from the mouth into the
esophagus
Larynx voice box; passageway for air moving
from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal
cords
Bronchi two short branches located at the lower
end of the trachea that carry air into the
lungs.
Bronchioles Airways in the lungs that lead from the
bronchi to the alveoli.
Alveoli tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the
movement of gases between air and
blood
anatomical dead space air that never reaches the alveoli, no gas
exchange
, alveolar ventilation rate the volume of air per minute that actually
reaches the respiratory zone
spirometer instrument used to measure breathing
spirometry a measurement of breathing (or lung
volumes)
pulmonary fibrosis the formation of scar tissue in the lung,
resulting in decreased lung capacity and
increased difficulty in breathing
Emphysema a condition in which the air sacs of the
lungs are damaged and enlarged,
causing breathlessness.
Tidal Volume (TV) Amount of air that moves in and out of
the lungs during a normal breath
Inspiratory Reserve Volume Amount of air that can be forcefully
(IRV) inhaled after a normal tidal volume
inhalation
Expiratory Reserve Volume Amount of air that can be forcefully
(ERV) exhaled after a normal tidal volume
exhalation
residual volume Amount of air remaining in the lungs after
a forced exhalation
