MTTC Biology Certification Examination
Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. Which organelle contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Nucleus
D. Golgi apparatus
Answer: C. Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus stores DNA and controls gene expression in eukaryotic
cells.
2. Which structure controls what enters and leaves a cell?
A. Cell wall
B. Cytoplasm
C. Cell membrane
D. Nucleolus
Answer: C. Cell membrane
Rationale: The cell membrane is selectively permeable and regulates movement of
substances into and out of the cell.
3. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP?
,A. Lysosome
B. Chloroplast
C. Mitochondrion
D. Ribosome
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
4. Which molecule is the primary carrier of genetic information?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. DNA
Answer: D. DNA
Rationale: DNA contains the nucleotide sequence that stores hereditary
information.
5. Which type of bond connects amino acids in proteins?
A. Hydrogen bond
B. Glycosidic bond
C. Peptide bond
D. Phosphodiester bond
Answer: C. Peptide bond
Rationale: Peptide bonds join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains.
6. Which biomolecule is composed of nucleotides?
A. Proteins
B. Lipids
,C. Carbohydrates
D. Nucleic acids
Answer: D. Nucleic acids
Rationale: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids made of nucleotide subunits.
7. Which process creates an RNA molecule from a DNA template?
A. Translation
B. Replication
C. Transcription
D. Mutation
Answer: C. Transcription
Rationale: Transcription uses DNA as a template to synthesize RNA.
8. Which structure is the site of protein synthesis?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Vacuole
D. Centriole
Answer: B. Ribosome
Rationale: Ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins using information from
mRNA.
9. Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome?
A. mRNA
B. DNA
C. rRNA
D. tRNA
Answer: D. tRNA
, Rationale: Transfer RNA delivers specific amino acids during translation.
10. Which process copies DNA before cell division?
A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. DNA replication
D. Fermentation
Answer: C. DNA replication
Rationale: DNA replication produces an identical copy of DNA before mitosis or
meiosis.
11. Which type of cell division produces two identical daughter cells?
A. Meiosis
B. Fertilization
C. Mitosis
D. Crossing over
Answer: C. Mitosis
Rationale: Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid cells for growth and
repair.
12. Which type of cell division produces gametes?
A. Mitosis
B. Binary fission
C. Meiosis
D. Budding
Answer: C. Meiosis
Rationale: Meiosis produces haploid reproductive cells such as sperm and eggs.
Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. Which organelle contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Nucleus
D. Golgi apparatus
Answer: C. Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus stores DNA and controls gene expression in eukaryotic
cells.
2. Which structure controls what enters and leaves a cell?
A. Cell wall
B. Cytoplasm
C. Cell membrane
D. Nucleolus
Answer: C. Cell membrane
Rationale: The cell membrane is selectively permeable and regulates movement of
substances into and out of the cell.
3. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP?
,A. Lysosome
B. Chloroplast
C. Mitochondrion
D. Ribosome
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
4. Which molecule is the primary carrier of genetic information?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. DNA
Answer: D. DNA
Rationale: DNA contains the nucleotide sequence that stores hereditary
information.
5. Which type of bond connects amino acids in proteins?
A. Hydrogen bond
B. Glycosidic bond
C. Peptide bond
D. Phosphodiester bond
Answer: C. Peptide bond
Rationale: Peptide bonds join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains.
6. Which biomolecule is composed of nucleotides?
A. Proteins
B. Lipids
,C. Carbohydrates
D. Nucleic acids
Answer: D. Nucleic acids
Rationale: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids made of nucleotide subunits.
7. Which process creates an RNA molecule from a DNA template?
A. Translation
B. Replication
C. Transcription
D. Mutation
Answer: C. Transcription
Rationale: Transcription uses DNA as a template to synthesize RNA.
8. Which structure is the site of protein synthesis?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Vacuole
D. Centriole
Answer: B. Ribosome
Rationale: Ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins using information from
mRNA.
9. Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome?
A. mRNA
B. DNA
C. rRNA
D. tRNA
Answer: D. tRNA
, Rationale: Transfer RNA delivers specific amino acids during translation.
10. Which process copies DNA before cell division?
A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. DNA replication
D. Fermentation
Answer: C. DNA replication
Rationale: DNA replication produces an identical copy of DNA before mitosis or
meiosis.
11. Which type of cell division produces two identical daughter cells?
A. Meiosis
B. Fertilization
C. Mitosis
D. Crossing over
Answer: C. Mitosis
Rationale: Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid cells for growth and
repair.
12. Which type of cell division produces gametes?
A. Mitosis
B. Binary fission
C. Meiosis
D. Budding
Answer: C. Meiosis
Rationale: Meiosis produces haploid reproductive cells such as sperm and eggs.
