MCAT PSYCHOLOGY AND
SOCIOLOGY REVIEW
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Full-Length Topic Test (80+ Questions)
Section 1: Biological Bases of Behavior (Questions 1–12)
1. Which brain region is most associated with procedural memory (e.g., riding a
bike)?
A. Hippocampus
B. Amygdala
C. Cerebellum
D. Prefrontal cortex
Rationale: The cerebellum is critical for procedural memory and motor learning.
The hippocampus is for declarative memory, amygdala for emotion, prefrontal
cortex for executive function.
2. Damage to Broca’s area would most impair:
A. Understanding spoken language
B. Speech production
C. Emotional regulation
D. Visual recognition
Rationale: Broca’s area in the frontal lobe is responsible for speech production;
damage causes expressive aphasia.
3. The “fight-or-flight” response is primarily mediated by the:
A. Parasympathetic nervous system
,B. Sympathetic nervous system
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Enteric nervous system
Rationale: Sympathetic activation releases norepinephrine and epinephrine,
increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability.
4. Which neurotransmitter is most directly involved in reward and addiction?
A. Serotonin
B. GABA
C. Dopamine
D. Acetylcholine
Rationale: Dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway reinforces behaviors and is
heavily implicated in addiction.
5. A patient loses the ability to form new long-term memories after a stroke. Which
structure was likely damaged?
A. Thalamus
B. Hippocampus
C. Hypothalamus
D. Basal ganglia
Rationale: The hippocampus is essential for encoding new declarative memories
(anterograde amnesia).
6. The corpus callosum:
A. Regulates hunger and thirst
B. Coordinates fine motor movement
C. Connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres
D. Filters sensory information to the cortex
Rationale: The corpus callosum is a large bundle of axons enabling
interhemispheric communication.
7. Which imaging technique measures changes in blood oxygen levels to infer
brain activity?
A. CT scan
B. PET scan
C. fMRI
D. EEG
, Rationale: fMRI uses BOLD signal (blood oxygen level–dependent) to map
neural activity.
8. The limbic system includes all EXCEPT:
A. Amygdala
B. Hippocampus
C. Hypothalamus
D. Cerebellum
Rationale: The limbic system (emotion, memory) includes amygdala,
hippocampus, hypothalamus, cingulate gyrus; cerebellum is not part of it.
9. A neuron at rest has a membrane potential of approximately:
A. +30 mV
B. 0 mV
C. −70 mV
D. −90 mV
Rationale: Resting membrane potential is about −70 mV (inside negative relative
to outside) due to K⁺ leak channels.
10. Which lobe is primarily responsible for processing auditory information and
memory?
A. Frontal
B. Parietal
C. Occipital
D. Temporal
Rationale: The temporal lobe contains the primary auditory cortex and
hippocampus.
11. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems generally have ______
effects on the same organ.
A. Identical
B. Opposing
C. No
D. Unpredictable
Rationale: They are antagonistic; sympathetic stimulates fight-or-flight,
parasympathetic promotes rest-and-digest.
SOCIOLOGY REVIEW
EXAM|||questions and answers with
rationales/graded A+/2026
update/100% correct /instant
download
Full-Length Topic Test (80+ Questions)
Section 1: Biological Bases of Behavior (Questions 1–12)
1. Which brain region is most associated with procedural memory (e.g., riding a
bike)?
A. Hippocampus
B. Amygdala
C. Cerebellum
D. Prefrontal cortex
Rationale: The cerebellum is critical for procedural memory and motor learning.
The hippocampus is for declarative memory, amygdala for emotion, prefrontal
cortex for executive function.
2. Damage to Broca’s area would most impair:
A. Understanding spoken language
B. Speech production
C. Emotional regulation
D. Visual recognition
Rationale: Broca’s area in the frontal lobe is responsible for speech production;
damage causes expressive aphasia.
3. The “fight-or-flight” response is primarily mediated by the:
A. Parasympathetic nervous system
,B. Sympathetic nervous system
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Enteric nervous system
Rationale: Sympathetic activation releases norepinephrine and epinephrine,
increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability.
4. Which neurotransmitter is most directly involved in reward and addiction?
A. Serotonin
B. GABA
C. Dopamine
D. Acetylcholine
Rationale: Dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway reinforces behaviors and is
heavily implicated in addiction.
5. A patient loses the ability to form new long-term memories after a stroke. Which
structure was likely damaged?
A. Thalamus
B. Hippocampus
C. Hypothalamus
D. Basal ganglia
Rationale: The hippocampus is essential for encoding new declarative memories
(anterograde amnesia).
6. The corpus callosum:
A. Regulates hunger and thirst
B. Coordinates fine motor movement
C. Connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres
D. Filters sensory information to the cortex
Rationale: The corpus callosum is a large bundle of axons enabling
interhemispheric communication.
7. Which imaging technique measures changes in blood oxygen levels to infer
brain activity?
A. CT scan
B. PET scan
C. fMRI
D. EEG
, Rationale: fMRI uses BOLD signal (blood oxygen level–dependent) to map
neural activity.
8. The limbic system includes all EXCEPT:
A. Amygdala
B. Hippocampus
C. Hypothalamus
D. Cerebellum
Rationale: The limbic system (emotion, memory) includes amygdala,
hippocampus, hypothalamus, cingulate gyrus; cerebellum is not part of it.
9. A neuron at rest has a membrane potential of approximately:
A. +30 mV
B. 0 mV
C. −70 mV
D. −90 mV
Rationale: Resting membrane potential is about −70 mV (inside negative relative
to outside) due to K⁺ leak channels.
10. Which lobe is primarily responsible for processing auditory information and
memory?
A. Frontal
B. Parietal
C. Occipital
D. Temporal
Rationale: The temporal lobe contains the primary auditory cortex and
hippocampus.
11. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems generally have ______
effects on the same organ.
A. Identical
B. Opposing
C. No
D. Unpredictable
Rationale: They are antagonistic; sympathetic stimulates fight-or-flight,
parasympathetic promotes rest-and-digest.
