generation time (doubling time)
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the time it takes for a microbial population to double in number
Light and growth
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photoautotrophs; photoheterotrophs; photosynthetically active radiation
(PAR); usually within visible light spectrum (400-700nm); accessory
pigments widen range
,extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)
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•Secreted by organisms in the biofilm
•Hydrated polysaccharide gel with other macromolecules and channels
generation time of S. aureus
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30 min
-ichip
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grown in situ instead of cultured
Prominent cell wall drugs
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-inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
-vancomycin, bacitracin
,Dorothy Hodgkin (1940s)
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-used X-rays to analyze the structure of penicillin
-resulting structures used to create modified penicillins (semisynthetic
antimicrobial)
intermediate effectiveness
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less effective against endospores and viruses
Growth Curve: Lag Phase
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inoculum cells added and adjust to culture medium; no change in
population; initial cell numbers do not change; cells grow larger;
metabolically active; damaged or shocked cells undergo repair; duration of
the lag phase determined by many factors including: genetic make-up,
media composition, initial inoculum size
degerming
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, -reduce microbial load on living tissue
-usually mechanical -- washing hands, wiping with paper towel, etc.
-may be used in combination with disinfectant to maximize microbial
reduction
Selman Waksman (1940s)
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-studied soil microbes and discovered several antimicrobials
-actinomycetes are the source of >50% of natural antibiotics
refrigeration and freezing
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-usually not sterilization method but static
-slows metabolism but will grow when temps are raised
-reason why USDA recommends thawing at temps lower than optimal
-ultra low temps (-80C) can be used for preservation
macrolides
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Give this one a try later!
the time it takes for a microbial population to double in number
Light and growth
Give this one a try later!
photoautotrophs; photoheterotrophs; photosynthetically active radiation
(PAR); usually within visible light spectrum (400-700nm); accessory
pigments widen range
,extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)
Give this one a try later!
•Secreted by organisms in the biofilm
•Hydrated polysaccharide gel with other macromolecules and channels
generation time of S. aureus
Give this one a try later!
30 min
-ichip
Give this one a try later!
grown in situ instead of cultured
Prominent cell wall drugs
Give this one a try later!
-inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
-vancomycin, bacitracin
,Dorothy Hodgkin (1940s)
Give this one a try later!
-used X-rays to analyze the structure of penicillin
-resulting structures used to create modified penicillins (semisynthetic
antimicrobial)
intermediate effectiveness
Give this one a try later!
less effective against endospores and viruses
Growth Curve: Lag Phase
Give this one a try later!
inoculum cells added and adjust to culture medium; no change in
population; initial cell numbers do not change; cells grow larger;
metabolically active; damaged or shocked cells undergo repair; duration of
the lag phase determined by many factors including: genetic make-up,
media composition, initial inoculum size
degerming
Give this one a try later!
, -reduce microbial load on living tissue
-usually mechanical -- washing hands, wiping with paper towel, etc.
-may be used in combination with disinfectant to maximize microbial
reduction
Selman Waksman (1940s)
Give this one a try later!
-studied soil microbes and discovered several antimicrobials
-actinomycetes are the source of >50% of natural antibiotics
refrigeration and freezing
Give this one a try later!
-usually not sterilization method but static
-slows metabolism but will grow when temps are raised
-reason why USDA recommends thawing at temps lower than optimal
-ultra low temps (-80C) can be used for preservation
macrolides
Give this one a try later!
