Psychology Chapter 7
Studying memory
o Some disorders strip memory as its centers whither away
Alzheimer’s Disease
o Other exceptionalities are demonstrated in memory of long lists,
facts, faces, places and happenings
Feng Wang (super recognizers)
o Memory
The persistence of long learning over time through the
encoding, storage and retrieval of information
o Information processing model
Compared human memory to a computer’s operation
Assumes that, to remember, one must indulge in
encoding, storage, and retrieval or information
Encoding
o Getting information into our brain’s memory
system
Storage
o Retaining encoded information over time
Retrieval
o Getting information out of memory storage
o Stages in forming memories (Atkinson and Shiffrin)
Recording to be remembered information as a fleeting
sensory memory
, Immediate and very brief recoding of sensory
information in the memory system
Processing information into short-term memory where it is
encoded through rehearsal
Briefly activates memory off a few items that is later
stored or forgotten
Moving information into long term memory for later
retrieval
Relatively permanent and limitless archive of the
memory system
o Includes knowledge, skills, experiences
This model helps us to think about how memories are
processes
Today’s researchers also recognize other ways that
long term memories form
o Important new concepts
Working memories
Part of a newer understanding of
short term memory
o Information enters the
working memory through
vision and auditory rehearsal
o It includes the conscious and
active processing of
Incoming auditory and
visual-spatial
information
2
, Information retrieved
from long-term
memory
o It also works in the opposite
direction
It processes already
stored information
Cultural traditions also influence
how we encode and retrieve
information
Automatic processing
Processing information without
consciously attending to it
Building memories
o Encoding
Two track memory system
Implicit (nondeclarative) memory
o Retention of learned skills, or classically
conditioned associations, without conscious
awareness
o Formed via automatic processing
Unconscious encoding of everyday
information and off familiar or well
learned information
Explicit (declarative) memory
o Retention off facts and personal events that
can be consciously retrieved
o Formed via effortful processing
3
Studying memory
o Some disorders strip memory as its centers whither away
Alzheimer’s Disease
o Other exceptionalities are demonstrated in memory of long lists,
facts, faces, places and happenings
Feng Wang (super recognizers)
o Memory
The persistence of long learning over time through the
encoding, storage and retrieval of information
o Information processing model
Compared human memory to a computer’s operation
Assumes that, to remember, one must indulge in
encoding, storage, and retrieval or information
Encoding
o Getting information into our brain’s memory
system
Storage
o Retaining encoded information over time
Retrieval
o Getting information out of memory storage
o Stages in forming memories (Atkinson and Shiffrin)
Recording to be remembered information as a fleeting
sensory memory
, Immediate and very brief recoding of sensory
information in the memory system
Processing information into short-term memory where it is
encoded through rehearsal
Briefly activates memory off a few items that is later
stored or forgotten
Moving information into long term memory for later
retrieval
Relatively permanent and limitless archive of the
memory system
o Includes knowledge, skills, experiences
This model helps us to think about how memories are
processes
Today’s researchers also recognize other ways that
long term memories form
o Important new concepts
Working memories
Part of a newer understanding of
short term memory
o Information enters the
working memory through
vision and auditory rehearsal
o It includes the conscious and
active processing of
Incoming auditory and
visual-spatial
information
2
, Information retrieved
from long-term
memory
o It also works in the opposite
direction
It processes already
stored information
Cultural traditions also influence
how we encode and retrieve
information
Automatic processing
Processing information without
consciously attending to it
Building memories
o Encoding
Two track memory system
Implicit (nondeclarative) memory
o Retention of learned skills, or classically
conditioned associations, without conscious
awareness
o Formed via automatic processing
Unconscious encoding of everyday
information and off familiar or well
learned information
Explicit (declarative) memory
o Retention off facts and personal events that
can be consciously retrieved
o Formed via effortful processing
3
