OPM FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE &
PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
W Edwards Deming - ANS ✔✔1) Man behind PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act)
2) Helped Japan gain manufacturing Excellence after WWII
3) Had 14 key Principles of transforming business effectiveness
Phil Crosby - ANS ✔✔1) Wrote "Quality is Free"
2) Also known for "Zero Defects"
Joseph Juran - ANS ✔✔1) Wrote the Quality Control Handbook
2) One of the first to write about the cost of quality
3) Came up with the Juran trilogy:
I) Quality Planning
II) Quality Control
III) Quality Improvement
Costs of Quality (4) - ANS ✔✔Costs after to build: Appraisal Costs (Costs of the inspection and
testing to ensure that the product of process is acceptable)
Costs within the operation: Internal Failure Costs (Costs for defects incurred within the system)
Costs prior to build: Prevention Costs (Sum of all the costs to prevent defects)
Costs at customers: External Failure Costs (Costs for defects that pass through the system)
The Value of Standard Deviation is... - ANS ✔✔The MAD (mean absolute deviation) X 1.25
The MAD - ANS ✔✔Mean Absolute Deviation, the average of the absolute differences from the
mean of the data set.
, DOE - ANS ✔✔Design Of Experiments- a statistical methodology to determine cause-and-effect
relationships between process variables and outputs. This can allow experiment with multiple
variables simultaneously
Upper Specification - ANS ✔✔The maximum acceptable value for a characteristic
Lower Specification - ANS ✔✔The minimum acceptable value for a characteristic
Genichi Taguchi - ANS ✔✔Japanese engineer and statistician, researched DOE and helped
significantly improve product quality in Japan, developed Taguchi Loss Function which led to
lean manufacturing practice. Also viewed relationship of USL and LSL costs as a hyperbolic
function, instead of absolute.
CP and CPK both are - ANS ✔✔Estimates of what a process is capable of producing, considering
that the process "mean" may not be centered between the specification limits. Assuming the
process output is a reasonable normal distribution.
CPK - ANS ✔✔process capability index, which is the smaller of the:
USL - mean of the data / 3σ or
Mean of the data - LSL / 3σ
3σ (each side of mean) = ____% of all data points - ANS ✔✔99.7
P charts are used - ANS ✔✔when an item (or service) is either good or bad (a yes-no decision)
Stakeholder analysis - ANS ✔✔Who will care?
What commitment level now; minimum needed? Critical attention?
PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
W Edwards Deming - ANS ✔✔1) Man behind PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act)
2) Helped Japan gain manufacturing Excellence after WWII
3) Had 14 key Principles of transforming business effectiveness
Phil Crosby - ANS ✔✔1) Wrote "Quality is Free"
2) Also known for "Zero Defects"
Joseph Juran - ANS ✔✔1) Wrote the Quality Control Handbook
2) One of the first to write about the cost of quality
3) Came up with the Juran trilogy:
I) Quality Planning
II) Quality Control
III) Quality Improvement
Costs of Quality (4) - ANS ✔✔Costs after to build: Appraisal Costs (Costs of the inspection and
testing to ensure that the product of process is acceptable)
Costs within the operation: Internal Failure Costs (Costs for defects incurred within the system)
Costs prior to build: Prevention Costs (Sum of all the costs to prevent defects)
Costs at customers: External Failure Costs (Costs for defects that pass through the system)
The Value of Standard Deviation is... - ANS ✔✔The MAD (mean absolute deviation) X 1.25
The MAD - ANS ✔✔Mean Absolute Deviation, the average of the absolute differences from the
mean of the data set.
, DOE - ANS ✔✔Design Of Experiments- a statistical methodology to determine cause-and-effect
relationships between process variables and outputs. This can allow experiment with multiple
variables simultaneously
Upper Specification - ANS ✔✔The maximum acceptable value for a characteristic
Lower Specification - ANS ✔✔The minimum acceptable value for a characteristic
Genichi Taguchi - ANS ✔✔Japanese engineer and statistician, researched DOE and helped
significantly improve product quality in Japan, developed Taguchi Loss Function which led to
lean manufacturing practice. Also viewed relationship of USL and LSL costs as a hyperbolic
function, instead of absolute.
CP and CPK both are - ANS ✔✔Estimates of what a process is capable of producing, considering
that the process "mean" may not be centered between the specification limits. Assuming the
process output is a reasonable normal distribution.
CPK - ANS ✔✔process capability index, which is the smaller of the:
USL - mean of the data / 3σ or
Mean of the data - LSL / 3σ
3σ (each side of mean) = ____% of all data points - ANS ✔✔99.7
P charts are used - ANS ✔✔when an item (or service) is either good or bad (a yes-no decision)
Stakeholder analysis - ANS ✔✔Who will care?
What commitment level now; minimum needed? Critical attention?
