RNSG 1517 Exam 5
11/16/2025 RED HIGHLIGHTS FOR HTN (Lewis Chp 32 pg 678-
697)
by prof
Houston
WHAT TO FOCUS ON THE EXAM 5
•CAD : Spectrum of cardiac diseases with a common etiology of atherosclerotic
stenosis of the coronary arteries.
Blood Pressure Classification
Category SBP (mmHg) DBP (mmHg)
Normal <120 and <80
Elevated 120–129 or <80
Stage 1 130–139 or 80–89
hypertension
Stage 2 >140 or >90
hypertension
Non Modifiable
• Age
• Gender
• Family history (Hx)
• Ethnicity
Subjective-HTN
Objective - Signs
1. asymptomatic until target Hemodynamic Hallmark =
organ disease persistently increased SVR
2. Severe HTN
1. Fatigue
2. Dizziness
3. palpitations, angina,
4. dyspnea
1
, Nephrosclerosis
Etiology
Renal BV stenosis→ Ischemia
Pathology
Ischemia leads to Tubule
atrophy
Glomeruli destruction
Nephron Death
Labs:
o Urine – Microalbuminuria, Proteinuria, Hematuria
o BMP - serum creatinine & BUN
Lifestyle modifications
• Weight reduction: Weight loss of 10 kg (22 lb.) may decrease
SBP by approx. 5 to 20 mm Hg
• DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension):
o fruits, vegetables
o less red meat, sugar, salt
• Limit alcohol intake
• Physical activity ≥ 30 min/day, ≥ 5 days/week
• Avoid tobacco products
• Manage stress & negative emotions
Stage 1 HTN Stage 2 HTN
First-line therapy for = non pharm +1 Nonpharmacologic
first-line drug
Preferred first-line drugs 2 antihypertensive agents from difference
classifications
thiazide diuretic
CCB
ACE inhibitor or ARB
Cardioselective
Greater affinity for B1 receptors (heart and kidney) than B2
receptors (lungs, liver, pancreas, arteriolar smooth muscle)
2
11/16/2025 RED HIGHLIGHTS FOR HTN (Lewis Chp 32 pg 678-
697)
by prof
Houston
WHAT TO FOCUS ON THE EXAM 5
•CAD : Spectrum of cardiac diseases with a common etiology of atherosclerotic
stenosis of the coronary arteries.
Blood Pressure Classification
Category SBP (mmHg) DBP (mmHg)
Normal <120 and <80
Elevated 120–129 or <80
Stage 1 130–139 or 80–89
hypertension
Stage 2 >140 or >90
hypertension
Non Modifiable
• Age
• Gender
• Family history (Hx)
• Ethnicity
Subjective-HTN
Objective - Signs
1. asymptomatic until target Hemodynamic Hallmark =
organ disease persistently increased SVR
2. Severe HTN
1. Fatigue
2. Dizziness
3. palpitations, angina,
4. dyspnea
1
, Nephrosclerosis
Etiology
Renal BV stenosis→ Ischemia
Pathology
Ischemia leads to Tubule
atrophy
Glomeruli destruction
Nephron Death
Labs:
o Urine – Microalbuminuria, Proteinuria, Hematuria
o BMP - serum creatinine & BUN
Lifestyle modifications
• Weight reduction: Weight loss of 10 kg (22 lb.) may decrease
SBP by approx. 5 to 20 mm Hg
• DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension):
o fruits, vegetables
o less red meat, sugar, salt
• Limit alcohol intake
• Physical activity ≥ 30 min/day, ≥ 5 days/week
• Avoid tobacco products
• Manage stress & negative emotions
Stage 1 HTN Stage 2 HTN
First-line therapy for = non pharm +1 Nonpharmacologic
first-line drug
Preferred first-line drugs 2 antihypertensive agents from difference
classifications
thiazide diuretic
CCB
ACE inhibitor or ARB
Cardioselective
Greater affinity for B1 receptors (heart and kidney) than B2
receptors (lungs, liver, pancreas, arteriolar smooth muscle)
2
