PC707-Module 6-Respiratory & ENT Exam
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
What is the treatment goal for -symptom relief
upper -if a medication is needed--prescribe a
respiratory infections? SINGLE
medication to target the most bothersome
symptom*
-consider cost, risk versus benefits,
efficacy
What medications can be used in -anti-histamines
the -nasal decongestants
symptom management of upper -anti-tussives
respiratory infections? -expectorants
-saline spray/drops
How are anti-histamines helpful in -the anti-cholinergic SIDE EFFECTS can
symptom management for upper be helpful
respiratory infections? --->dry mucous membranes, decrease
secretions
etc.
,What is the mechanism of action -competitively binds to H1 receptors to
for prevent
anti-histamines? binding of histamine and therefore no
histamine
effects*
-does NOT prevent actual histamine
release--just
histamine binding*
-onset within 15-30 minutes
What are the major side effects of -anti-cholinergic effects--->
anti-histamines? -dizziness, hypotension, dry mouth,
drowsiness,
constipation, blurry vision, decreased
appetite,
urinary retention etc.
-this is because antihistamines cross bind
to block
cholinergic receptors*
Which generation of -1st generation--such as diphenhydramine
anti-histamines (Benadryl)
are the most sedating? Why? -they are more lipophilic--so they easily
cross the
BBB to cause slower neuronal firing &
decreased
production of neurotransmitters*
Which 2nd generation -cetirizine (Zyrtec)
anti-histamine -most other ones cause little sedation
is the most sedating? because
they work more peripherally*
, Which 2nd generation -fexofenadine (Allegra)
anti-histamine --->interactions with anti-fungals (azoles),
has several drug to drug erythromycin, etc.
interactions:
Concern with long-term use of 1st -long term anti-cholinergic effects
generation anti-histamines? -increases risk of developing dementia*
What is the mechanism of action -acts on adrenergic alpha-1 receptors to
for cause
nasal decongestants? vasoconstriction, decreased inflammation,
decreased blood flow & fluid exudate
-causes vasoconstriction of the nasal
mucosa
vessels (which are usually dilated from
histamine
effects)*
Nasal decongestants have great -false
efficacy. True or false? -little proven efficacy
-limited evidence
What is important to remember -they often contain other agents such as
about OTC decongestants? anti-
histamines, caffeine, pain relievers
-need to educate patients about potential
drug
interactions or contraindications for use*
What is the primary difference -dosing frequency
between OTC & prescription
decongestants?
Questions and Answers with Verified
Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
What is the treatment goal for -symptom relief
upper -if a medication is needed--prescribe a
respiratory infections? SINGLE
medication to target the most bothersome
symptom*
-consider cost, risk versus benefits,
efficacy
What medications can be used in -anti-histamines
the -nasal decongestants
symptom management of upper -anti-tussives
respiratory infections? -expectorants
-saline spray/drops
How are anti-histamines helpful in -the anti-cholinergic SIDE EFFECTS can
symptom management for upper be helpful
respiratory infections? --->dry mucous membranes, decrease
secretions
etc.
,What is the mechanism of action -competitively binds to H1 receptors to
for prevent
anti-histamines? binding of histamine and therefore no
histamine
effects*
-does NOT prevent actual histamine
release--just
histamine binding*
-onset within 15-30 minutes
What are the major side effects of -anti-cholinergic effects--->
anti-histamines? -dizziness, hypotension, dry mouth,
drowsiness,
constipation, blurry vision, decreased
appetite,
urinary retention etc.
-this is because antihistamines cross bind
to block
cholinergic receptors*
Which generation of -1st generation--such as diphenhydramine
anti-histamines (Benadryl)
are the most sedating? Why? -they are more lipophilic--so they easily
cross the
BBB to cause slower neuronal firing &
decreased
production of neurotransmitters*
Which 2nd generation -cetirizine (Zyrtec)
anti-histamine -most other ones cause little sedation
is the most sedating? because
they work more peripherally*
, Which 2nd generation -fexofenadine (Allegra)
anti-histamine --->interactions with anti-fungals (azoles),
has several drug to drug erythromycin, etc.
interactions:
Concern with long-term use of 1st -long term anti-cholinergic effects
generation anti-histamines? -increases risk of developing dementia*
What is the mechanism of action -acts on adrenergic alpha-1 receptors to
for cause
nasal decongestants? vasoconstriction, decreased inflammation,
decreased blood flow & fluid exudate
-causes vasoconstriction of the nasal
mucosa
vessels (which are usually dilated from
histamine
effects)*
Nasal decongestants have great -false
efficacy. True or false? -little proven efficacy
-limited evidence
What is important to remember -they often contain other agents such as
about OTC decongestants? anti-
histamines, caffeine, pain relievers
-need to educate patients about potential
drug
interactions or contraindications for use*
What is the primary difference -dosing frequency
between OTC & prescription
decongestants?
