ALHS 1011 ESSENTIALS - CHAPTER 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
2026
Inorganic compounds - Answers Small, simple molecules that lack carbon (i.e. water, salts)
Special characteristics of water - Answers High heat capacity
Polar/solvent properties
Chemical reactivityReactivity
Cushioning
Electrolytes - Answers substances that conduct an electrical current in solution. Includes all ions.
Salt - Answers an ionic compound (electrolyte) that plays a vital role in body function (nerve
impulses, hardness of bones & teeth).
Acid (proton) - Answers Substance that releases Hydrogen ions (+) in detectable amounts.
Bases (electrons) - Answers Substance that accepts H+.
pH - Answers Measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in solution
Neutralization - Answers When acids and bases mix they react with each other in displacement
reactions to form water and a salt.
Carbohydrates - Answers A group of molecules that include sugars and starches. A ready, easily used
source of cellular fuel.
Monosaccharides - Answers a simple sugar
Glucose - Answers blood sugar, a monosaccharide (simple sugar). The universal cellular food.
Polysaccharides - Answers Long chains of simple sugars linked together by dehydration synthesis.
Large and fairly insoluble so ideal for storage. (i.e. starch & glycogen).
Lipids - Answers Organics that do not dissolve in water but in other lipids. Include triglycerides,
phospholipids & steroids, etc.
Triglycerides - Answers neutral fats; no charge meaning it won't dissolve in water. most efficient fuel
source, made from fatty acids & glycerol (stored energy - liver cells & skeletal muscle), mainly found in
fat tissue beneath the skin
Triglyceride - Answers Neutral fats made up of glycerol + fatty acid
Unsaturated/Ployunsaturated fats - Answers fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds
between carbons causing them to kink, unable to solidify
Steroids - Answers Based on or built from cholesterol, fat soluable. Found in cell membranes, used
for synthesis of Vit. D, steroid hormones, and bile salts.
Amino acids - Answers building blocks for proteins, contain NITROGEN.
Fibrous (structural) proteins - Answers structural proteins such as COLLAGEN and ELASTIN, chief
building material of body.
Globular (functional) proteins - Answers functional proteins such as ANTIBODIES, HORMONES, and
ENZYMES.
Catalyst - Answers substances that regulates and accelerates the rate of biochemical reactions but
are not used up or changed in those reactions.
Enzyme (catalyst) - Answers Globular proteins that act as biological catalysts that speed up reactions
Nucleotides - Answers building blocks of the nucleic acids. Adenine, guanine, cyctosine, thymine and
Uracil.
DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid - Answers genetic material (genes) of a cell.
RNA - ribonucleic acid - Answers single strand of nucleotides that carry out the orders for protein
synthesis issued by DNA
ATP - Answers provides a form of energy that body cells can use
Nucleic acids - Answers Composed of nucleotides - make up the genes which provide the blueprints
of life.
Buffer - Answers maintains PH by taking up excess hydrogen or hydroxyl ions
Protein - Answers The main building material of cells. Play vital role in cell function. Organic
molecules that contain C, H, O plus NITROGEN;
Phospholipids - Answers chief material for building cellular membranes.
Organic compunds - Answers carbon containing compounds
Polymer - Answers chainlike molecules made up of similar or repeating units.
Chemistry - Answers The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes.
Matter - Answers That which has mass and occupies space.
Mass - Answers The amount of matter in an object.
2026
Inorganic compounds - Answers Small, simple molecules that lack carbon (i.e. water, salts)
Special characteristics of water - Answers High heat capacity
Polar/solvent properties
Chemical reactivityReactivity
Cushioning
Electrolytes - Answers substances that conduct an electrical current in solution. Includes all ions.
Salt - Answers an ionic compound (electrolyte) that plays a vital role in body function (nerve
impulses, hardness of bones & teeth).
Acid (proton) - Answers Substance that releases Hydrogen ions (+) in detectable amounts.
Bases (electrons) - Answers Substance that accepts H+.
pH - Answers Measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in solution
Neutralization - Answers When acids and bases mix they react with each other in displacement
reactions to form water and a salt.
Carbohydrates - Answers A group of molecules that include sugars and starches. A ready, easily used
source of cellular fuel.
Monosaccharides - Answers a simple sugar
Glucose - Answers blood sugar, a monosaccharide (simple sugar). The universal cellular food.
Polysaccharides - Answers Long chains of simple sugars linked together by dehydration synthesis.
Large and fairly insoluble so ideal for storage. (i.e. starch & glycogen).
Lipids - Answers Organics that do not dissolve in water but in other lipids. Include triglycerides,
phospholipids & steroids, etc.
Triglycerides - Answers neutral fats; no charge meaning it won't dissolve in water. most efficient fuel
source, made from fatty acids & glycerol (stored energy - liver cells & skeletal muscle), mainly found in
fat tissue beneath the skin
Triglyceride - Answers Neutral fats made up of glycerol + fatty acid
Unsaturated/Ployunsaturated fats - Answers fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds
between carbons causing them to kink, unable to solidify
Steroids - Answers Based on or built from cholesterol, fat soluable. Found in cell membranes, used
for synthesis of Vit. D, steroid hormones, and bile salts.
Amino acids - Answers building blocks for proteins, contain NITROGEN.
Fibrous (structural) proteins - Answers structural proteins such as COLLAGEN and ELASTIN, chief
building material of body.
Globular (functional) proteins - Answers functional proteins such as ANTIBODIES, HORMONES, and
ENZYMES.
Catalyst - Answers substances that regulates and accelerates the rate of biochemical reactions but
are not used up or changed in those reactions.
Enzyme (catalyst) - Answers Globular proteins that act as biological catalysts that speed up reactions
Nucleotides - Answers building blocks of the nucleic acids. Adenine, guanine, cyctosine, thymine and
Uracil.
DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid - Answers genetic material (genes) of a cell.
RNA - ribonucleic acid - Answers single strand of nucleotides that carry out the orders for protein
synthesis issued by DNA
ATP - Answers provides a form of energy that body cells can use
Nucleic acids - Answers Composed of nucleotides - make up the genes which provide the blueprints
of life.
Buffer - Answers maintains PH by taking up excess hydrogen or hydroxyl ions
Protein - Answers The main building material of cells. Play vital role in cell function. Organic
molecules that contain C, H, O plus NITROGEN;
Phospholipids - Answers chief material for building cellular membranes.
Organic compunds - Answers carbon containing compounds
Polymer - Answers chainlike molecules made up of similar or repeating units.
Chemistry - Answers The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes.
Matter - Answers That which has mass and occupies space.
Mass - Answers The amount of matter in an object.
