NURS 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 1 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
LATEST 100% GUARANTEED PASS
Which of the following changes is indicative of irreversible cell injury?
a. sodium influx into the cytoplasm
b. glycolysis (anaerobic metabolism)
c. detachment of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum
d. release of lysosomal enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Which of the following best describes reperfusion injury?
a. The increased blood pressure in the area of reperfusion causes rupture of small arterioles and
release of free radicals.
b. The return of blood flow to the area results in a burst of free radical production from
neutrophils that accumulated in the area.
c. Reperfusion injury results from restoration of the function of the sodium-potassium pump.
d. Reperfusion of the area results in apoptosis of the previously ischemic cells. - CORRECT
ANSWER-B
,Which of the following best describes free radicals?
a. stable molecules not normally found in the body, but introduced exogenously during ischemia
b. unstable molecules that are normal products of oxidative metabolism and are removed by
endogenous antioxidants
c. stable molecules that have an affinity for iron in the cytoplasm of the cell
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-B
The usual fate of apoptotic cells is which of the following?
a. metaplastic transformation
b. calcification
c. hypertrophy
d. phagocytosis
e. neoplastic transformation - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between cell necrosis and
apoptosis?
a. Apoptosis is a more rapid process.
b. Apoptosis is usually initiated by ischemia-induced cell injury.
c. Apoptosis is genetically controlled.
d. Apoptosis characteristically involves rupture of the cell membrane. - CORRECT ANSWER-C
You are a nurse practitioner working in an outpatient clinic. Your patient's echocardiogram
shows moderate aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve). You know that the stenotic valve
creates an increased resistance against which the left ventricle contracts. The cellular
adaptation most likely to occur in the left ventricle is which of the following?
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. hyperplasia
,d. metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-B
Select the condition that is an example of physiologic hyperplasia.
a. breast enlargement during puberty
b. endometrial hyperplasia from excessive estrogen stimulation
c. prostatic hyperplasia occurring as men age
d. none of the above are physiologic - CORRECT ANSWER-A
Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing of the mitral valve). As the years go
by, the left atrium, which contracts against the increased resistance of the stenotic valve, begins
to fail--and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If the left ventricle were to undergo
adaptation, what would it most likely be?
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia. - CORRECT ANSWER-A
Which of the following is not characteristic of cellular dysplasia?
a. variation in size and shape of cells
b. small, pale nuclei
c. disorderly arrangement of cells
d. preneoplastic change - CORRECT ANSWER-B
If a normal individual began to take cortisol 100 mgs. every day as a medication, which of the
following would result?
a. hypertrophy of the adrenal gland
b. hyperplasia of the adrenal gland
, c. atrophy of the adrenal gland
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland - CORRECT ANSWER-C
If a normal individual began to take thyroid hormone 100 mcgs. every day as a medication,
which of the following would result?
a. hypertrophy of the thyroid gland
b. hyperplasia of the thyroid gland
c. atrophy of the thyroid gland
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland - CORRECT ANSWER-B
Chronic alcoholism can result in the development of a fatty liver because it results in which of
the following?
a. increased production of free fatty acids
b. increased conversion of free fatty acids to triglycerides
c. decreased oxidation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids
d. decreased binding of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids to apoproteins - CORRECT
ANSWER-A
Which of the following is the primary difference between wet and dry gangrene?
a. Infection and inflammation are present in wet gangrene.
b. Wet gangrene results from arterial occlusion and dry gangrene from venous stasis.
c. Dry gangrene involves the presence of Clostridium perfringens.
d. Wet gangrene occurs only in internal organs. - CORRECT ANSWER-E
Which of the following components is not involved in apoptosis?
a. Bcl-2
b. apaf-1
Exam 1 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
LATEST 100% GUARANTEED PASS
Which of the following changes is indicative of irreversible cell injury?
a. sodium influx into the cytoplasm
b. glycolysis (anaerobic metabolism)
c. detachment of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum
d. release of lysosomal enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Which of the following best describes reperfusion injury?
a. The increased blood pressure in the area of reperfusion causes rupture of small arterioles and
release of free radicals.
b. The return of blood flow to the area results in a burst of free radical production from
neutrophils that accumulated in the area.
c. Reperfusion injury results from restoration of the function of the sodium-potassium pump.
d. Reperfusion of the area results in apoptosis of the previously ischemic cells. - CORRECT
ANSWER-B
,Which of the following best describes free radicals?
a. stable molecules not normally found in the body, but introduced exogenously during ischemia
b. unstable molecules that are normal products of oxidative metabolism and are removed by
endogenous antioxidants
c. stable molecules that have an affinity for iron in the cytoplasm of the cell
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-B
The usual fate of apoptotic cells is which of the following?
a. metaplastic transformation
b. calcification
c. hypertrophy
d. phagocytosis
e. neoplastic transformation - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between cell necrosis and
apoptosis?
a. Apoptosis is a more rapid process.
b. Apoptosis is usually initiated by ischemia-induced cell injury.
c. Apoptosis is genetically controlled.
d. Apoptosis characteristically involves rupture of the cell membrane. - CORRECT ANSWER-C
You are a nurse practitioner working in an outpatient clinic. Your patient's echocardiogram
shows moderate aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve). You know that the stenotic valve
creates an increased resistance against which the left ventricle contracts. The cellular
adaptation most likely to occur in the left ventricle is which of the following?
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. hyperplasia
,d. metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-B
Select the condition that is an example of physiologic hyperplasia.
a. breast enlargement during puberty
b. endometrial hyperplasia from excessive estrogen stimulation
c. prostatic hyperplasia occurring as men age
d. none of the above are physiologic - CORRECT ANSWER-A
Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing of the mitral valve). As the years go
by, the left atrium, which contracts against the increased resistance of the stenotic valve, begins
to fail--and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If the left ventricle were to undergo
adaptation, what would it most likely be?
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia. - CORRECT ANSWER-A
Which of the following is not characteristic of cellular dysplasia?
a. variation in size and shape of cells
b. small, pale nuclei
c. disorderly arrangement of cells
d. preneoplastic change - CORRECT ANSWER-B
If a normal individual began to take cortisol 100 mgs. every day as a medication, which of the
following would result?
a. hypertrophy of the adrenal gland
b. hyperplasia of the adrenal gland
, c. atrophy of the adrenal gland
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland - CORRECT ANSWER-C
If a normal individual began to take thyroid hormone 100 mcgs. every day as a medication,
which of the following would result?
a. hypertrophy of the thyroid gland
b. hyperplasia of the thyroid gland
c. atrophy of the thyroid gland
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland - CORRECT ANSWER-B
Chronic alcoholism can result in the development of a fatty liver because it results in which of
the following?
a. increased production of free fatty acids
b. increased conversion of free fatty acids to triglycerides
c. decreased oxidation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids
d. decreased binding of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids to apoproteins - CORRECT
ANSWER-A
Which of the following is the primary difference between wet and dry gangrene?
a. Infection and inflammation are present in wet gangrene.
b. Wet gangrene results from arterial occlusion and dry gangrene from venous stasis.
c. Dry gangrene involves the presence of Clostridium perfringens.
d. Wet gangrene occurs only in internal organs. - CORRECT ANSWER-E
Which of the following components is not involved in apoptosis?
a. Bcl-2
b. apaf-1
