Ecco test study guide |2025 update comprehensive frequently tested
questions and verified answers with rationales|100% accurate answers |
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What is the initial treatment for chest pain? - -MONA
-Morphine
-Oxygen
-Nitroglycerin
-Aspirin
--For an acute MI/chest pain, what changes are we looking for on the EKG? - -
ST elevation
--Cardiac enzymes are elevated in what conditions? - -MI, cardiac tamponade,
cardiac surgery, acute injury - trauma to chest/chest injury, pericarditis
--In what condition do we NOT see an elevation of troponin in? - -Congestive
heart failure
--Why do we hear heart murmurs? - -we hear heart murmurs because of the
thickening of a valve like aortic stenosis or d/t mechanical dysfunction of the
valve
--Stenosis of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a - -systolic murmur, as
blood is ejected through the narrowed valve
--Regurgitation of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a - -diastolic
murmur, as blood flows backward into the diseased valve when ventricular
pressures drop during relaxation
--Where can you hear the aortic stenosis? - -2nd intercostal space, R sternal
boarder
-rough and high pitched murmur
--What do we look for in an atrial waveform? (on an a-line) - -The dicrotic
notch
-it indicates closure of the AV (aortic valve)
--How long do you hold pressure for when you pull an art line? - -8-10 minutes
--What are we looking out for when using thrombolytics (rTPA)? - -Brain bleeds
, --What are signs of herniation (bleeding) from rTPA? - -1. decreased LOC/neuro
changes
2. increased ICP
3. severe headaches
--What conditions warrant for an external pacemaker? - -Symptomatic
bradycardia, 3rd degree heart block, recurrent tachy-brady syndromes,
--Can we use atropine for a 3rd degree heart block? - -No.
--What are the signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade? - -Narrow pulse
pressure, pulses paradox (BP drops 15 mg when pt takes breath in), increased
JVD, low BP, muffled heart tones (late sign), HR initially will speed up (won't be
bradycardic)
--What is cardiac tamponade? - -compression of the heart by an accumulation
of fluid in the pericardial sac which over time decreases the cardiac output b/c
the heart can't squeeze
--Why do we care about frequent PVCs? - -Because of the R on T phenomenon.
When a PVC lands on a T wave, it can potentially put a patient into v-tach
--What do we check for when we notice more frequent PVCs? - -Magnesium
and potassium (more so magnesium)
--When starting to pace a patient, what should you do? - -Set pacer at 80 and
80 and increase the mA (miliamps) until you see pacer spikes on every single
QRS
--Question 34 on exam, what V-fib energy settings do you put in for a biphasic
defib? - -150 jules
--What is the normal drainage amount per hour from a chest tube? - -less than
100 ml/hr
--For end-stage cardiomyopathy, the drugs of choice are... - -1. Nipride - to
help reduce preload and afterload
2. Dobutamine - to help increase contractility and decrease afterload
questions and verified answers with rationales|100% accurate answers |
already graded a+
What is the initial treatment for chest pain? - -MONA
-Morphine
-Oxygen
-Nitroglycerin
-Aspirin
--For an acute MI/chest pain, what changes are we looking for on the EKG? - -
ST elevation
--Cardiac enzymes are elevated in what conditions? - -MI, cardiac tamponade,
cardiac surgery, acute injury - trauma to chest/chest injury, pericarditis
--In what condition do we NOT see an elevation of troponin in? - -Congestive
heart failure
--Why do we hear heart murmurs? - -we hear heart murmurs because of the
thickening of a valve like aortic stenosis or d/t mechanical dysfunction of the
valve
--Stenosis of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a - -systolic murmur, as
blood is ejected through the narrowed valve
--Regurgitation of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a - -diastolic
murmur, as blood flows backward into the diseased valve when ventricular
pressures drop during relaxation
--Where can you hear the aortic stenosis? - -2nd intercostal space, R sternal
boarder
-rough and high pitched murmur
--What do we look for in an atrial waveform? (on an a-line) - -The dicrotic
notch
-it indicates closure of the AV (aortic valve)
--How long do you hold pressure for when you pull an art line? - -8-10 minutes
--What are we looking out for when using thrombolytics (rTPA)? - -Brain bleeds
, --What are signs of herniation (bleeding) from rTPA? - -1. decreased LOC/neuro
changes
2. increased ICP
3. severe headaches
--What conditions warrant for an external pacemaker? - -Symptomatic
bradycardia, 3rd degree heart block, recurrent tachy-brady syndromes,
--Can we use atropine for a 3rd degree heart block? - -No.
--What are the signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade? - -Narrow pulse
pressure, pulses paradox (BP drops 15 mg when pt takes breath in), increased
JVD, low BP, muffled heart tones (late sign), HR initially will speed up (won't be
bradycardic)
--What is cardiac tamponade? - -compression of the heart by an accumulation
of fluid in the pericardial sac which over time decreases the cardiac output b/c
the heart can't squeeze
--Why do we care about frequent PVCs? - -Because of the R on T phenomenon.
When a PVC lands on a T wave, it can potentially put a patient into v-tach
--What do we check for when we notice more frequent PVCs? - -Magnesium
and potassium (more so magnesium)
--When starting to pace a patient, what should you do? - -Set pacer at 80 and
80 and increase the mA (miliamps) until you see pacer spikes on every single
QRS
--Question 34 on exam, what V-fib energy settings do you put in for a biphasic
defib? - -150 jules
--What is the normal drainage amount per hour from a chest tube? - -less than
100 ml/hr
--For end-stage cardiomyopathy, the drugs of choice are... - -1. Nipride - to
help reduce preload and afterload
2. Dobutamine - to help increase contractility and decrease afterload
