BIO 311 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | BIOLOGY EXAM PREP & STUDY
GUIDE 2026/2027
Microbial growth - ANS ✔✔Refers to # not size
Nutrition - ANS ✔✔Macronutrients & micronutrients (trace elements)
Physical requirements of microbial growth - ANS ✔✔Osmotic pressure
Temperature
pH
Carbon
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur - ANS ✔✔Name the chemical requirements (essential nutrients) for microbial growth
Autotroph - ANS ✔✔Can make food itself from inorganic carbon (CO2)
Heterotroph - ANS ✔✔Must eat (take up) organic (C)
Passive processes
Active processes - ANS ✔✔what are the two different movement of molecules
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
,Osmosis - ANS ✔✔Name the different types of passive processes of movement of molecules
Active transport
Group translocation
Bulk transport - ANS ✔✔Name the types of active processes of movement of molecules
Passive processes - ANS ✔✔When allowed to move freely, molecules will seek to reach
equilibrium
Osmosis - ANS ✔✔Movement of water
Iso, hypo, hyper tonic
Active transport - ANS ✔✔Require transport pumps & ATP
Group translocation - ANS ✔✔(Prokaryotes only)
Gets trapped on one side
Temperature
Atmospheric gases
pH
Osmostic pressure
Radiation & hydrostatic atmospheric pressure
Other organisms - ANS ✔✔Factors that influence microbial growth
Psychrophiles
Mesophiles
, Thermophiles - ANS ✔✔Name the 3 general groups for the physical requirement of
temperature
psychrophiles - ANS ✔✔cold-loving
mesophiles - ANS ✔✔moderate-temp- loving
thermophiles - ANS ✔✔heat-loving
Psychrotrophs - ANS ✔✔do okay in fridge
thrive around room temp.
do ok in bit warm
microbes that cause food spoilage
ex. food preservation
aerobe
facultative anaerobe
anaerobe - ANS ✔✔For the physical requirements what are the categories of Gas Growth?
Aerobe - ANS ✔✔a microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of free gaseous oxygen
(O2).
Facultative anaerobe - ANS ✔✔an aerobe that does not require oxygen for its metabolism and
is capable of growth in the absence of it.
anaerobe - ANS ✔✔a microorganism that grows best, or exclusively, in the absence of oxygen.
GUIDE 2026/2027
Microbial growth - ANS ✔✔Refers to # not size
Nutrition - ANS ✔✔Macronutrients & micronutrients (trace elements)
Physical requirements of microbial growth - ANS ✔✔Osmotic pressure
Temperature
pH
Carbon
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur - ANS ✔✔Name the chemical requirements (essential nutrients) for microbial growth
Autotroph - ANS ✔✔Can make food itself from inorganic carbon (CO2)
Heterotroph - ANS ✔✔Must eat (take up) organic (C)
Passive processes
Active processes - ANS ✔✔what are the two different movement of molecules
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
,Osmosis - ANS ✔✔Name the different types of passive processes of movement of molecules
Active transport
Group translocation
Bulk transport - ANS ✔✔Name the types of active processes of movement of molecules
Passive processes - ANS ✔✔When allowed to move freely, molecules will seek to reach
equilibrium
Osmosis - ANS ✔✔Movement of water
Iso, hypo, hyper tonic
Active transport - ANS ✔✔Require transport pumps & ATP
Group translocation - ANS ✔✔(Prokaryotes only)
Gets trapped on one side
Temperature
Atmospheric gases
pH
Osmostic pressure
Radiation & hydrostatic atmospheric pressure
Other organisms - ANS ✔✔Factors that influence microbial growth
Psychrophiles
Mesophiles
, Thermophiles - ANS ✔✔Name the 3 general groups for the physical requirement of
temperature
psychrophiles - ANS ✔✔cold-loving
mesophiles - ANS ✔✔moderate-temp- loving
thermophiles - ANS ✔✔heat-loving
Psychrotrophs - ANS ✔✔do okay in fridge
thrive around room temp.
do ok in bit warm
microbes that cause food spoilage
ex. food preservation
aerobe
facultative anaerobe
anaerobe - ANS ✔✔For the physical requirements what are the categories of Gas Growth?
Aerobe - ANS ✔✔a microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of free gaseous oxygen
(O2).
Facultative anaerobe - ANS ✔✔an aerobe that does not require oxygen for its metabolism and
is capable of growth in the absence of it.
anaerobe - ANS ✔✔a microorganism that grows best, or exclusively, in the absence of oxygen.
