NSG 3100 Exam 3 Objectives
Instructions: Use the text and PPTs to answer these questions. Be sure to write the answers to reinforce the
information.
Unit 6
1. Describe the procedure for a guaiac test and its purpose.
a. Purpose: check for microscopic blood in stool
b. Blue: blood present
c. 3 sample
2. Describe the following procedures including positioning – thoracentesis, paracentesis, lumbar
puncture.
a. Thoracentesis: needle inserted in the pleural space to drain fluid: patient positioned in the
tripod position. Risk for puncturing lung
b. Paracentesis: needle inserted into abdomen cavity or pleural cavity o drain excess fluid, patient
lays in flat position; sterile technique; drain too much will cause hypovolemic shock
c. Lumbar Puncture: needle inserted into the subarachnoid space of spinal between 3 rd/4th or
4th/5th space vertebrae. Client positioned in fetal position (lateral with head bent toward chest
and knees into abdomen; patient lay flat after procedure due to risk of spinal headache.
3. Describe the following diagnostic tests for the urinary system – KUB, IV pyelography, retrograde
pyelography, ultrasonography, cystoscopy.
a. KUB: visualizes Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder
b. IV Pyelography: visualizes Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder using dye inserted via IV
c. Retrograde pyelography (Dye flows up): Contrast inserted directly into kidneys via urethra,
bladder, urethra to visualizes urinary/kidneys structure
d. Ultrasonography: noninvasive test that uses sound waves to look at the kidneys.
e. Cystoscopy: Light structure inserted through the urethra to visualize bladder, ureteral and
urethra 4. Describe the difference between a biopsy and aspiration.
a. Biopsy is removal of cell/tissue sample for testing
b. Aspiration is removal of fluid for testing
5. Describe important nursing considerations (pre-testing assessments) for diagnostic testing.
a. ask about allergies to shellfish/iodine, monitor for allergic reactions, encourage fluids post
procedures, monitor kidney function, inform pt that stool may be pale.
6. Describe the nursing implications (action eg. intervention, education, monitoring etc.) for patients
receiving contrast mediums.
a. Allergies: shellfish, iodine
b. Encourage fluid
c. Monitor kidney functions
d. Stool will be white
1
, 7. Describe the various ways to collect a urine sample – clean catch, 24-hr urine specimen, straight
catheter, foley catheter.
a. Clean catch: patient would wipe perineum area, void (small amount), pause and then void in
cup b. 24hr urine: discard 1st void and collect the rest.
c. Straight catheter: inserted to remove urine bladder from patient temporary
d. Foley Catheter: inserted and kept in days, weeks, months highest risk for infection!!
8. Identify the tests that are used for monitoring blood glucose.
a. Urine sample
b. HmGA1C blood test measures 2 to 3 months
c. Finger stick
9. Describe the steps for a fingerstick test for blood glucose.
a. warm finger to increase vasodilation, middle and ring finger preferred about halfway between end of finger and first joint,
always wipe away first drop of blood, allow alcohol to completely dry, lateral part of finger, keep hand on dependent position
(below the heart)
10. What does specific gravity measure, what is the expected color if it is high or low?
a. Measures solutes in urine
b. High: dehydrated: yellow to amber
c. Low: overhydrated: clear urine
11. What does the BUN lab test measure and what does an elevated value indicate?
a. BUN measures renal function (10-20 mg/dL)
b. elevated indicates dehydration, kidney disease/injury, high protein diet or shock
c. low indicated: malnutrition, liver damage
12. What are the nursing considerations for diagnostic tests using contrast mediums? PowerPoint
a. Allergies: iodine, shellfish, previous contrast medium
b. Renal function: Creatinine BUN (make sure kidney can filter the dye)
c. Medications; Metformin
d. Hydration: drink fluids
e. Informed Consent
f. IV in place
13. Identify factors that affect – urinary elimination, bowel elimination.
a. Urinary Elimination:
i. Age (infants, preschooler, school age, older adults
ii. Pregnancy
iii. Gender: male w/ enlarged prostate
iv. Psychosocial Factors:
v. Fluid/Food
vi. Medications
vii. Muscle Tone
viii. Surgical/diagnostic Testing ix. Disability
b. Bowel Elimination:
i. Age: older adults poor fluid intake
2
Instructions: Use the text and PPTs to answer these questions. Be sure to write the answers to reinforce the
information.
Unit 6
1. Describe the procedure for a guaiac test and its purpose.
a. Purpose: check for microscopic blood in stool
b. Blue: blood present
c. 3 sample
2. Describe the following procedures including positioning – thoracentesis, paracentesis, lumbar
puncture.
a. Thoracentesis: needle inserted in the pleural space to drain fluid: patient positioned in the
tripod position. Risk for puncturing lung
b. Paracentesis: needle inserted into abdomen cavity or pleural cavity o drain excess fluid, patient
lays in flat position; sterile technique; drain too much will cause hypovolemic shock
c. Lumbar Puncture: needle inserted into the subarachnoid space of spinal between 3 rd/4th or
4th/5th space vertebrae. Client positioned in fetal position (lateral with head bent toward chest
and knees into abdomen; patient lay flat after procedure due to risk of spinal headache.
3. Describe the following diagnostic tests for the urinary system – KUB, IV pyelography, retrograde
pyelography, ultrasonography, cystoscopy.
a. KUB: visualizes Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder
b. IV Pyelography: visualizes Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder using dye inserted via IV
c. Retrograde pyelography (Dye flows up): Contrast inserted directly into kidneys via urethra,
bladder, urethra to visualizes urinary/kidneys structure
d. Ultrasonography: noninvasive test that uses sound waves to look at the kidneys.
e. Cystoscopy: Light structure inserted through the urethra to visualize bladder, ureteral and
urethra 4. Describe the difference between a biopsy and aspiration.
a. Biopsy is removal of cell/tissue sample for testing
b. Aspiration is removal of fluid for testing
5. Describe important nursing considerations (pre-testing assessments) for diagnostic testing.
a. ask about allergies to shellfish/iodine, monitor for allergic reactions, encourage fluids post
procedures, monitor kidney function, inform pt that stool may be pale.
6. Describe the nursing implications (action eg. intervention, education, monitoring etc.) for patients
receiving contrast mediums.
a. Allergies: shellfish, iodine
b. Encourage fluid
c. Monitor kidney functions
d. Stool will be white
1
, 7. Describe the various ways to collect a urine sample – clean catch, 24-hr urine specimen, straight
catheter, foley catheter.
a. Clean catch: patient would wipe perineum area, void (small amount), pause and then void in
cup b. 24hr urine: discard 1st void and collect the rest.
c. Straight catheter: inserted to remove urine bladder from patient temporary
d. Foley Catheter: inserted and kept in days, weeks, months highest risk for infection!!
8. Identify the tests that are used for monitoring blood glucose.
a. Urine sample
b. HmGA1C blood test measures 2 to 3 months
c. Finger stick
9. Describe the steps for a fingerstick test for blood glucose.
a. warm finger to increase vasodilation, middle and ring finger preferred about halfway between end of finger and first joint,
always wipe away first drop of blood, allow alcohol to completely dry, lateral part of finger, keep hand on dependent position
(below the heart)
10. What does specific gravity measure, what is the expected color if it is high or low?
a. Measures solutes in urine
b. High: dehydrated: yellow to amber
c. Low: overhydrated: clear urine
11. What does the BUN lab test measure and what does an elevated value indicate?
a. BUN measures renal function (10-20 mg/dL)
b. elevated indicates dehydration, kidney disease/injury, high protein diet or shock
c. low indicated: malnutrition, liver damage
12. What are the nursing considerations for diagnostic tests using contrast mediums? PowerPoint
a. Allergies: iodine, shellfish, previous contrast medium
b. Renal function: Creatinine BUN (make sure kidney can filter the dye)
c. Medications; Metformin
d. Hydration: drink fluids
e. Informed Consent
f. IV in place
13. Identify factors that affect – urinary elimination, bowel elimination.
a. Urinary Elimination:
i. Age (infants, preschooler, school age, older adults
ii. Pregnancy
iii. Gender: male w/ enlarged prostate
iv. Psychosocial Factors:
v. Fluid/Food
vi. Medications
vii. Muscle Tone
viii. Surgical/diagnostic Testing ix. Disability
b. Bowel Elimination:
i. Age: older adults poor fluid intake
2
