BIOL 235 MIDTERM EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES () (100% VERIFIED)
1. Between the origin and insertion, which is usually located proximally in limbs?
A. Insertion
B. Origin
C. Both are equally proximal
D. Neither is proximal
Answer: B. The origin is the more proximal attachment of a muscle, typically on a fixed bone closer to the body's
midline. The insertion is the more distal attachment that moves when the muscle contracts .
2. What happens during reverse muscle action?
A. The muscle relaxes completely
B. The positions of origin and insertion are switched
C. The muscle contracts without moving
D. The muscle changes shape
Answer: B. In reverse muscle action, the typical roles are reversed so that the insertion becomes fixed and the origin
moves toward it. This occurs in specific body movements.
3. What is mechanical advantage in a lever system?
A. Effort is applied close to the fulcrum
B. Load is closer to the fulcrum and effort is farther from the fulcrum
C. Load and effort are at equal distance
D. The fulcrum is eliminated
Answer: B. Mechanical advantage occurs when the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther away,
allowing a smaller force to move a larger load, as in a wheelbarrow.
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,4. Bones serve as levers and joints serve as what for the lever?
A. Effort
B. Load
C. Fulcrum
D. Resistance
Answer: C. In the body's lever systems, bones act as the levers and joints act as the fulcrum (pivot point). Muscles
provide the effort to move the load.
5. Agonist (prime mover) muscles do what while antagonist muscles do what?
A. Contract; relax
B. Relax; contract
C. Both contract
D. Both relax
Answer: A. During a movement, the agonist (prime mover) contracts to produce the action while the antagonist
muscle relaxes to allow the movement to occur smoothly.
6. What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called?
A. Agonists
B. Antagonists
C. Synergists
D. Fixators
Answer: C. Synergists contract to stabilize intermediate joints and prevent unwanted movements, allowing the prime
mover to work more efficiently
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,7. What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called?
A. Fascia
B. Compartment
C. Motor unit
D. Muscle belly
Answer: B. A compartment is a group of skeletal muscles, along with their associated blood vessels and nerves,
enclosed by fascia and functioning together.
8. What is the origin of the masseter?
A. Mandible
B. Maxilla and zygomatic arch
C. Temporal bone
D. Occipital bone
Answer: B. The masseter originates from the maxilla and zygomatic arch and inserts on the angle and ramus of the
mandible. It is a powerful muscle of mastication.
9. What is the origin of the deltoid?
A. Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
B. Acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
C. Coracoid process
D. Glenoid fossa
Answer: B. The deltoid originates from the acromial extremity of the clavicle, the acromion, and the spine of the
scapula. It inserts on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
10. What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring?
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, A. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
B. Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
C. Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
D. Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
Answer: B. The hamstring group consists of the biceps femoris (lateral), semitendinosus (medial), and
semimembranosus (medial). They are primary flexors of the knee and extensors of the hip.
11. What 4 muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?
A. Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris
B. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
C. Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
D. Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis anterior
Answer: B. The quadriceps femoris is composed of four heads: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and
vastus intermedius. It is the powerful extensor of the knee.
12. If you dissect on the lateral side of the abdomen, what abdominal muscles will the scalpel go through from
superficial to deep?
A. Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique
B. External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
C. Transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, external oblique
D. Internal oblique, transversus abdominis, external oblique
Answer: B. The three flat abdominal muscles are arranged in layers: external oblique (superficial), internal oblique
(middle), and transversus abdominis (deepest). On the lateral side, this is the order encountered.
13. Which action does the deltoid perform?
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RATIONALES () (100% VERIFIED)
1. Between the origin and insertion, which is usually located proximally in limbs?
A. Insertion
B. Origin
C. Both are equally proximal
D. Neither is proximal
Answer: B. The origin is the more proximal attachment of a muscle, typically on a fixed bone closer to the body's
midline. The insertion is the more distal attachment that moves when the muscle contracts .
2. What happens during reverse muscle action?
A. The muscle relaxes completely
B. The positions of origin and insertion are switched
C. The muscle contracts without moving
D. The muscle changes shape
Answer: B. In reverse muscle action, the typical roles are reversed so that the insertion becomes fixed and the origin
moves toward it. This occurs in specific body movements.
3. What is mechanical advantage in a lever system?
A. Effort is applied close to the fulcrum
B. Load is closer to the fulcrum and effort is farther from the fulcrum
C. Load and effort are at equal distance
D. The fulcrum is eliminated
Answer: B. Mechanical advantage occurs when the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther away,
allowing a smaller force to move a larger load, as in a wheelbarrow.
1|Page SUCCESS!!!
,4. Bones serve as levers and joints serve as what for the lever?
A. Effort
B. Load
C. Fulcrum
D. Resistance
Answer: C. In the body's lever systems, bones act as the levers and joints act as the fulcrum (pivot point). Muscles
provide the effort to move the load.
5. Agonist (prime mover) muscles do what while antagonist muscles do what?
A. Contract; relax
B. Relax; contract
C. Both contract
D. Both relax
Answer: A. During a movement, the agonist (prime mover) contracts to produce the action while the antagonist
muscle relaxes to allow the movement to occur smoothly.
6. What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called?
A. Agonists
B. Antagonists
C. Synergists
D. Fixators
Answer: C. Synergists contract to stabilize intermediate joints and prevent unwanted movements, allowing the prime
mover to work more efficiently
2|Page SUCCESS!!!
,7. What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called?
A. Fascia
B. Compartment
C. Motor unit
D. Muscle belly
Answer: B. A compartment is a group of skeletal muscles, along with their associated blood vessels and nerves,
enclosed by fascia and functioning together.
8. What is the origin of the masseter?
A. Mandible
B. Maxilla and zygomatic arch
C. Temporal bone
D. Occipital bone
Answer: B. The masseter originates from the maxilla and zygomatic arch and inserts on the angle and ramus of the
mandible. It is a powerful muscle of mastication.
9. What is the origin of the deltoid?
A. Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
B. Acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
C. Coracoid process
D. Glenoid fossa
Answer: B. The deltoid originates from the acromial extremity of the clavicle, the acromion, and the spine of the
scapula. It inserts on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
10. What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring?
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, A. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
B. Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
C. Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
D. Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
Answer: B. The hamstring group consists of the biceps femoris (lateral), semitendinosus (medial), and
semimembranosus (medial). They are primary flexors of the knee and extensors of the hip.
11. What 4 muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?
A. Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris
B. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
C. Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
D. Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis anterior
Answer: B. The quadriceps femoris is composed of four heads: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and
vastus intermedius. It is the powerful extensor of the knee.
12. If you dissect on the lateral side of the abdomen, what abdominal muscles will the scalpel go through from
superficial to deep?
A. Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique
B. External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
C. Transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, external oblique
D. Internal oblique, transversus abdominis, external oblique
Answer: B. The three flat abdominal muscles are arranged in layers: external oblique (superficial), internal oblique
(middle), and transversus abdominis (deepest). On the lateral side, this is the order encountered.
13. Which action does the deltoid perform?
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