BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
metabolism
sum of al chemical processes
catabolism
that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anabolism
the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
3 things that effect growth in the body size
1. increase in the size of existing cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells
differentiation
unspecialized cells becomes specialized
reproduction is the formation of new cells for? (2)
1. tissue growth, repair or replacement
2. production of a new individual
fluid within the cells
intracellular fluid
fluid outside the cells
END OF
PAGE
1
, BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
extracellular fluid
ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues
interstitial fluid
what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop
controlled condition
what is the stimulus
any disruption that changes a controlled condition
what's the receptor
body structure monitoring the changes of a controlled condition and
sends inputs
what is an afferent pathway-input
flows towards the control center (nerve impulse or chemical signal)
what is the control center
sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be
maintained; evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates
output commands when they are needed
efferent pathway
flow away from control center to effector
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PAGE
2
, BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
effector
body structure receiving output and brings about change and produces a
response that alters the controlled condition
negative feedback system
reverses a change in a controlled condition
positive feedback loop
strengthens or reinforces a change in the controlled condition until its
interrupted-effector produces a response that reinforces the initial
change-child birth
disorder
abnormality of a structure or function
disease
illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms
symptom
subjective changes not visible to the observer
sign
objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
prone
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PAGE
3
, BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
body is lying face down
supine
body is lying face up
ipsilateral
same side
contralateral
different sides
superficial
towards the surface of the skin
deep
away from surface of the skin
sagittal plane
divides the body into left and right
Midsagittal (median) plane
divides into equal left and right sides
parasagittal plane
unequal sides left and right
END OF
PAGE
4
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
metabolism
sum of al chemical processes
catabolism
that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anabolism
the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
3 things that effect growth in the body size
1. increase in the size of existing cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells
differentiation
unspecialized cells becomes specialized
reproduction is the formation of new cells for? (2)
1. tissue growth, repair or replacement
2. production of a new individual
fluid within the cells
intracellular fluid
fluid outside the cells
END OF
PAGE
1
, BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
extracellular fluid
ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues
interstitial fluid
what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop
controlled condition
what is the stimulus
any disruption that changes a controlled condition
what's the receptor
body structure monitoring the changes of a controlled condition and
sends inputs
what is an afferent pathway-input
flows towards the control center (nerve impulse or chemical signal)
what is the control center
sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be
maintained; evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates
output commands when they are needed
efferent pathway
flow away from control center to effector
END OF
PAGE
2
, BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
effector
body structure receiving output and brings about change and produces a
response that alters the controlled condition
negative feedback system
reverses a change in a controlled condition
positive feedback loop
strengthens or reinforces a change in the controlled condition until its
interrupted-effector produces a response that reinforces the initial
change-child birth
disorder
abnormality of a structure or function
disease
illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms
symptom
subjective changes not visible to the observer
sign
objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
prone
END OF
PAGE
3
, BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
body is lying face down
supine
body is lying face up
ipsilateral
same side
contralateral
different sides
superficial
towards the surface of the skin
deep
away from surface of the skin
sagittal plane
divides the body into left and right
Midsagittal (median) plane
divides into equal left and right sides
parasagittal plane
unequal sides left and right
END OF
PAGE
4
