COMSAE Exam Review 2026 | Verified Q&A | Graded A+
1. Describe how the clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis can impact patient
health.
The symptoms are only temporary and resolve without treatment.
The features primarily cause skin lesions and do not affect internal
organs.
The symptoms are mild and do not significantly impact health.
The clinical features such as spiking fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and
pancytopenia can lead to severe complications and affect the
overall health of the patient.
2. Describe how malabsorption in Celiac Disease affects a child's growth and
development.
Malabsorption has no effect on growth and development.
Malabsorption in Celiac Disease can lead to weight loss and short
stature due to inadequate nutrient absorption.
Malabsorption only affects adults, not children.
Malabsorption causes increased appetite and weight gain.
3. What neurotransmitters are primarily affected by tricyclic antidepressants?
Histamine and epinephrine
Acetylcholine and glutamate
Dopamine and GABA
Norepinephrine and serotonin
,4. A complete injury to the axillary nerve would result in:
paralysis of the term minor and deltoid muscles
loss of sensation over a small part of the lateral upper arm
weakness or loss of abduction and external rotation of the shoulder
all of the above
5. If a patient has a condition that severely impairs their ability to ventilate, what
physiological consequence might they experience?
Enhanced oxygen delivery to tissues
Impaired gas exchange
Decreased heart rate
Increased nutrient absorption
6. Which of the following occurs in the treatment of glaucoma with a alpha
adrenergic agonist?
Decreased aqueous humor secretion
Pupillary dilator muscle fiber contraction
Direct opening of the trabecular meshwork
Dilation of the uveoscleral veins
Circular pupillary constrictor muscle contraction
7. While discussing etiologies of tachycardia with your preceptor, they mention
a maneuver called the carotid massage that can be used to treat paroxysmal
supraventricular tachycardia. It effectively slows the heart down. How does it
do that?
Increase baroreceptor firing
, Increase SNS input
Decrease baroreceptor firing
Triggers carotid sinus to send afferent signal through
glossopharyngeal nerve to medulla oblongata to send efferent signal
to heart through vagus nerve
Decrease PNS input
8. Describe the physiological mechanism that leads to decompression disease
in divers.
Decompression disease is a result of muscle fatigue after prolonged
diving.
Decompression disease is caused by a lack of oxygen during deep
dives.
Decompression disease results from excessive carbon dioxide
buildup in the bloodstream.
Decompression disease occurs when nitrogen bubbles form in the
body due to rapid ascent after deep diving.
9. What are the three types of lactase deficiency?
Temporary, permanent, or congenital
Primary, secondary, or congenital
Mild, moderate, or severe
Acute, chronic, or congenital
10. Which characteristics describe an axillary nerve injury?
Ape hand deformity
, Inability to extend wrist and paralysis of extensor muscles of forearm,
wrist, and fingers
Anesthesia on the medial side of the hand and may be caused by an
injury to the elbow
Deltoid muscle is paralyzed and the superolateral skin of the arm
experiences anesthesia
11. If the axillary nerve is damaged, which of the following clinical conditions
might be observed as a result of this damage?
supraspinatus weakness
Absence of external rotation of the arm
weak adduction and internal rotation of the arm
Deltoid atrophy
12. What type of receptors does Ketamine block to exert its anesthetic effects?
Serotonin receptors
Dopamine receptors
GABA receptors
NMDA receptors
13. If a patient with known lactase deficiency consumes a large amount of dairy
products, what symptoms might they experience?
Headaches and dizziness
Increased energy and appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Bloating, cramps, and osmotic diarrhea
1. Describe how the clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis can impact patient
health.
The symptoms are only temporary and resolve without treatment.
The features primarily cause skin lesions and do not affect internal
organs.
The symptoms are mild and do not significantly impact health.
The clinical features such as spiking fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and
pancytopenia can lead to severe complications and affect the
overall health of the patient.
2. Describe how malabsorption in Celiac Disease affects a child's growth and
development.
Malabsorption has no effect on growth and development.
Malabsorption in Celiac Disease can lead to weight loss and short
stature due to inadequate nutrient absorption.
Malabsorption only affects adults, not children.
Malabsorption causes increased appetite and weight gain.
3. What neurotransmitters are primarily affected by tricyclic antidepressants?
Histamine and epinephrine
Acetylcholine and glutamate
Dopamine and GABA
Norepinephrine and serotonin
,4. A complete injury to the axillary nerve would result in:
paralysis of the term minor and deltoid muscles
loss of sensation over a small part of the lateral upper arm
weakness or loss of abduction and external rotation of the shoulder
all of the above
5. If a patient has a condition that severely impairs their ability to ventilate, what
physiological consequence might they experience?
Enhanced oxygen delivery to tissues
Impaired gas exchange
Decreased heart rate
Increased nutrient absorption
6. Which of the following occurs in the treatment of glaucoma with a alpha
adrenergic agonist?
Decreased aqueous humor secretion
Pupillary dilator muscle fiber contraction
Direct opening of the trabecular meshwork
Dilation of the uveoscleral veins
Circular pupillary constrictor muscle contraction
7. While discussing etiologies of tachycardia with your preceptor, they mention
a maneuver called the carotid massage that can be used to treat paroxysmal
supraventricular tachycardia. It effectively slows the heart down. How does it
do that?
Increase baroreceptor firing
, Increase SNS input
Decrease baroreceptor firing
Triggers carotid sinus to send afferent signal through
glossopharyngeal nerve to medulla oblongata to send efferent signal
to heart through vagus nerve
Decrease PNS input
8. Describe the physiological mechanism that leads to decompression disease
in divers.
Decompression disease is a result of muscle fatigue after prolonged
diving.
Decompression disease is caused by a lack of oxygen during deep
dives.
Decompression disease results from excessive carbon dioxide
buildup in the bloodstream.
Decompression disease occurs when nitrogen bubbles form in the
body due to rapid ascent after deep diving.
9. What are the three types of lactase deficiency?
Temporary, permanent, or congenital
Primary, secondary, or congenital
Mild, moderate, or severe
Acute, chronic, or congenital
10. Which characteristics describe an axillary nerve injury?
Ape hand deformity
, Inability to extend wrist and paralysis of extensor muscles of forearm,
wrist, and fingers
Anesthesia on the medial side of the hand and may be caused by an
injury to the elbow
Deltoid muscle is paralyzed and the superolateral skin of the arm
experiences anesthesia
11. If the axillary nerve is damaged, which of the following clinical conditions
might be observed as a result of this damage?
supraspinatus weakness
Absence of external rotation of the arm
weak adduction and internal rotation of the arm
Deltoid atrophy
12. What type of receptors does Ketamine block to exert its anesthetic effects?
Serotonin receptors
Dopamine receptors
GABA receptors
NMDA receptors
13. If a patient with known lactase deficiency consumes a large amount of dairy
products, what symptoms might they experience?
Headaches and dizziness
Increased energy and appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Bloating, cramps, and osmotic diarrhea
