ALHS 1011 MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS
Define anatomy and physiology - Answers - Anatomy: study of body's structure
Physiology: study of body's function
List the levels of organization from smallest to largest - Answers - atoms, molecules,
organelles, tissues, organs, organ systems, human organism
Define homeostasis - Answers - maintenance of a stable internal environment
Define negative feedback and give an example - Answers - Feedback in which the
response is the opposite of the stimulus. - when body temperature rises above normal,
the brain sends signals to many organs including the skin to release heat in form of
sweat.
Define positive feedback and give an example - Answers - An initial stimulus produces a
response that exaggerates or enhances the change in the original conditions.
- uterine contractions during birth
Define superior - Answers - toward the head; above
Define inferior - Answers - away from the head; below
define anterior (ventral) - Answers - front of the body
define posterior (dorsal) - Answers - towards the back of the body
Define medial and lateral - Answers - Medial: towards the midline
Lateral: away from the midline
Define proximal and distal - Answers - Proximal: part closer to a point of attachment or
to the trunk
Distal: farther from
Define superficial - Answers - toward the body surface
Define deep - Answers - away from the surface of the body
Cephalic - Answers - head
Cervical - Answers - neck
Thoracic - Answers - chest
Abdominal - Answers - abdomen
, Pelvic - Answers - pelvis
Pubic - Answers - genital
upper limb - Answers - acromial, brachial (arm), antecubital, olecranal, antebrachial
(forearm), carpal (wrist)
lower limb - Answers - femur, patella, tibia, fibula
nervous system functions - Answers - transmits messages between brain and rest of
body
Muscular system function - Answers - movement, posture, heat production
skeletal system functions - Answers - support, protection, movement, blood production
respiratory system function - Answers - absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon
dioxide, acid-base balance
cardiovascular system function - Answers - Pumps blood around body; transports
oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste
endocrine system function - Answers - Secretes hormones that regulate processes such
as growth, reproduction
integumentary system functions - Answers - protection, water retention, temp regulation,
vitamin D synthesis, sensation
digestive system function - Answers - breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and
removes waste
lymphatic system functions - Answers - defends against infections and disease, fluid
balance, production of immune cells
urinary system functions - Answers - excretes waste products from the blood, regulation
of blood volume, electrolyte balance
reproductive system function - Answers - reproduction
four properties that make water vital - Answers - high heat capacity, polar/solvent,
chemical reactivity, cushion
what is an acid - Answers - proton donor
What is a base? - Answers - proton acceptor
Define anatomy and physiology - Answers - Anatomy: study of body's structure
Physiology: study of body's function
List the levels of organization from smallest to largest - Answers - atoms, molecules,
organelles, tissues, organs, organ systems, human organism
Define homeostasis - Answers - maintenance of a stable internal environment
Define negative feedback and give an example - Answers - Feedback in which the
response is the opposite of the stimulus. - when body temperature rises above normal,
the brain sends signals to many organs including the skin to release heat in form of
sweat.
Define positive feedback and give an example - Answers - An initial stimulus produces a
response that exaggerates or enhances the change in the original conditions.
- uterine contractions during birth
Define superior - Answers - toward the head; above
Define inferior - Answers - away from the head; below
define anterior (ventral) - Answers - front of the body
define posterior (dorsal) - Answers - towards the back of the body
Define medial and lateral - Answers - Medial: towards the midline
Lateral: away from the midline
Define proximal and distal - Answers - Proximal: part closer to a point of attachment or
to the trunk
Distal: farther from
Define superficial - Answers - toward the body surface
Define deep - Answers - away from the surface of the body
Cephalic - Answers - head
Cervical - Answers - neck
Thoracic - Answers - chest
Abdominal - Answers - abdomen
, Pelvic - Answers - pelvis
Pubic - Answers - genital
upper limb - Answers - acromial, brachial (arm), antecubital, olecranal, antebrachial
(forearm), carpal (wrist)
lower limb - Answers - femur, patella, tibia, fibula
nervous system functions - Answers - transmits messages between brain and rest of
body
Muscular system function - Answers - movement, posture, heat production
skeletal system functions - Answers - support, protection, movement, blood production
respiratory system function - Answers - absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon
dioxide, acid-base balance
cardiovascular system function - Answers - Pumps blood around body; transports
oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste
endocrine system function - Answers - Secretes hormones that regulate processes such
as growth, reproduction
integumentary system functions - Answers - protection, water retention, temp regulation,
vitamin D synthesis, sensation
digestive system function - Answers - breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and
removes waste
lymphatic system functions - Answers - defends against infections and disease, fluid
balance, production of immune cells
urinary system functions - Answers - excretes waste products from the blood, regulation
of blood volume, electrolyte balance
reproductive system function - Answers - reproduction
four properties that make water vital - Answers - high heat capacity, polar/solvent,
chemical reactivity, cushion
what is an acid - Answers - proton donor
What is a base? - Answers - proton acceptor
