DR. PAM TURNER NCE STUDY GUIDE – NATIONAL COUNSELOR EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 2026/2027
a. early adult transition (17 to 22)
b. mid-life transition (40 to 45)
c. late adult transition (60 to 65). - ANS ✔✔Daniel Levinson - Identified 3 Major major
transitions/times occurring between four major
eras of life:
a. build, modify, and enhance life structure
b. form and modify single components of the life structure such
as: life dream, occupation, love-marriage, family relationships,
mentor, and forming mutual relationships
c. tasks to become more individuated. - ANS ✔✔Daniel Levinson stated adults cope with 3
developmental tasks:
a midlife crisis - age 40-45 - ANS ✔✔Levinson believed that most men experience
A. Dualism
B. Relativism is Discovered
C. Commitment in Relativism - ANS ✔✔William Perry developed a scheme for intellectual
development and ethical development.
,3 General Categories and 9 Positions
Found in psychoanalytic - ANS ✔✔Nancy Chodorow was one of the first to speak out against
the masculine bias
"Caretaking" concept - ANS ✔✔In Toward a New Psychology of Women, Jean Baker Miller
indicated that a large part of women's lives has been spent helping others develop emotionally,
intellectually, and socially.
a. people grow toward relationships
b. mature functioning is characterized by mutuality
c. psychological growth is characterized by involvement in complex and
diversified relational networks
d. mutual empathy and empowerment are at the core
e. growth-fostering relationships require engagements to be authentic
f. growth-fostering relationships stimulate change
g. goals of development are characterized by an increasing ability to name
and resist disconnections, sources of oppression, and obstacles to mutual
relationships - ANS ✔✔Judith Jordan developed the Self-in-Relation Theory.
Now known as relational-cultural theory.
,Women needed to
re-evaluate their intimate relationships and choose a healthier balance between other-oriented
and self-absorption - ANS ✔✔Harriet Lerner wrote The Dance of Intimacy
Society pathologizes women
Different gender perceptions based on roles - ANS ✔✔Carol Tavris
Passages: Predictable Crises of Adult Life
Transitional periods between life stages - ANS ✔✔Gail Sheehy
Developed by Piaget - concept for intelligence - ANS ✔✔Adaptive Thinking or Action
Charles Spearman - ANS ✔✔General Intelligence (g factor) and special intelligence (s factor)
Louis Thurstone;
individuals have seven primary mental abilities that make up intelligence, - ANS ✔✔Primary
Mental Abilities
Emotional Intelligence (EQ) - ANS ✔✔Daniel Goleman
proximity, nearness;
Choose relationships based on proximal distance - ANS ✔✔Propinquity
, this model assumes that a disorder is caused by one factor
such as a chemical imbalance.
NOT supported by research - ANS ✔✔One-dimensional Causal Models
a disorder is caused by the
interaction of several factors and dimensions. - ANS ✔✔Multidimensional Causal Model
Ego-Dystonic: Symptoms are unacceptable or undesirable
Ego-Syntonic - Symptoms and Traits are perceived as acceptable - ANS ✔✔Symptoms or Traits
may be Ego-Dystonic or Ego-Syntonic
a. appearance and behavior
b. thought processes
c. mood and affect
d. intellectual functioning
e. sensorium - ANS ✔✔A formal mental status exam
covers the following five areas:
awareness of place, time, and person - ANS ✔✔Sensorium refers to
Rorschach, Thematic Apperception Test,
Incomplete Sentences Blank - ANS ✔✔Projective Tests
ANSWERS 2026/2027
a. early adult transition (17 to 22)
b. mid-life transition (40 to 45)
c. late adult transition (60 to 65). - ANS ✔✔Daniel Levinson - Identified 3 Major major
transitions/times occurring between four major
eras of life:
a. build, modify, and enhance life structure
b. form and modify single components of the life structure such
as: life dream, occupation, love-marriage, family relationships,
mentor, and forming mutual relationships
c. tasks to become more individuated. - ANS ✔✔Daniel Levinson stated adults cope with 3
developmental tasks:
a midlife crisis - age 40-45 - ANS ✔✔Levinson believed that most men experience
A. Dualism
B. Relativism is Discovered
C. Commitment in Relativism - ANS ✔✔William Perry developed a scheme for intellectual
development and ethical development.
,3 General Categories and 9 Positions
Found in psychoanalytic - ANS ✔✔Nancy Chodorow was one of the first to speak out against
the masculine bias
"Caretaking" concept - ANS ✔✔In Toward a New Psychology of Women, Jean Baker Miller
indicated that a large part of women's lives has been spent helping others develop emotionally,
intellectually, and socially.
a. people grow toward relationships
b. mature functioning is characterized by mutuality
c. psychological growth is characterized by involvement in complex and
diversified relational networks
d. mutual empathy and empowerment are at the core
e. growth-fostering relationships require engagements to be authentic
f. growth-fostering relationships stimulate change
g. goals of development are characterized by an increasing ability to name
and resist disconnections, sources of oppression, and obstacles to mutual
relationships - ANS ✔✔Judith Jordan developed the Self-in-Relation Theory.
Now known as relational-cultural theory.
,Women needed to
re-evaluate their intimate relationships and choose a healthier balance between other-oriented
and self-absorption - ANS ✔✔Harriet Lerner wrote The Dance of Intimacy
Society pathologizes women
Different gender perceptions based on roles - ANS ✔✔Carol Tavris
Passages: Predictable Crises of Adult Life
Transitional periods between life stages - ANS ✔✔Gail Sheehy
Developed by Piaget - concept for intelligence - ANS ✔✔Adaptive Thinking or Action
Charles Spearman - ANS ✔✔General Intelligence (g factor) and special intelligence (s factor)
Louis Thurstone;
individuals have seven primary mental abilities that make up intelligence, - ANS ✔✔Primary
Mental Abilities
Emotional Intelligence (EQ) - ANS ✔✔Daniel Goleman
proximity, nearness;
Choose relationships based on proximal distance - ANS ✔✔Propinquity
, this model assumes that a disorder is caused by one factor
such as a chemical imbalance.
NOT supported by research - ANS ✔✔One-dimensional Causal Models
a disorder is caused by the
interaction of several factors and dimensions. - ANS ✔✔Multidimensional Causal Model
Ego-Dystonic: Symptoms are unacceptable or undesirable
Ego-Syntonic - Symptoms and Traits are perceived as acceptable - ANS ✔✔Symptoms or Traits
may be Ego-Dystonic or Ego-Syntonic
a. appearance and behavior
b. thought processes
c. mood and affect
d. intellectual functioning
e. sensorium - ANS ✔✔A formal mental status exam
covers the following five areas:
awareness of place, time, and person - ANS ✔✔Sensorium refers to
Rorschach, Thematic Apperception Test,
Incomplete Sentences Blank - ANS ✔✔Projective Tests
