Geschreven door studenten die geslaagd zijn Direct beschikbaar na je betaling Online lezen of als PDF Verkeerd document? Gratis ruilen 4,6 TrustPilot
logo-home
logo
  • Maternal Child
  • Maternal child
Om documenten op je verlanglijstje te zetten, moet je ingelogd zijn
Document preview thumbnail
Voorbeeld 4 van de 1260 pagina's
Samenvatting

Summary Maternal-Child Nursing Care: Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families" written by Susan L. Ward and Shelton M. Hisley.

0.0
(0 beoordelingen)
- verkocht
1260 pagina's
2025/2026 Geschreven voor schooljaar
Instelling Maternal Child
Vak Maternal child
Document preview thumbnail
Voorbeeld 4 van de 1260 pagina's

Maternal-Child Nursing Care: Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families" written by Susan L. Ward and Shelton M. Hisley.

Voorbeeld van de inhoud

,Contents in Brief
unit one 17 Physiological Transition of the Newborn 541
Foundations in Maternal, Family, and Child 18 Caring for the Normal Newborn 563
Care 1 19 Caring for the Newborn at Risk 603
1 Traditional and Community Nursing Care for unit six
Women, Families, and Children 1
Caring for the Child and Family 639
2 Contemporary Issues in Women’s, Families’, and
Children’s Health Care 25 20 Caring for the Developing Child 641
3 The Evolving Family 46 21 Caring for the Child in the Hospital and in the
4 Caring for Women, Families, and Children in Community 664
Contemporary Society 71 22 Caring for the Family Across Care Settings 701

unit two unit seven
The Process of Human Reproduction 111 Ongoing Care of the Child in the Hospital
and in the Community 715
5 Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology 113
6 Human Sexuality and Fertility 137 23 Caring for the Child with a Psychosocial or
7 Conception and Development of the Embryo and Cognitive Condition 717
Fetus 164 24 Caring for the Child with a Respiratory
Condition 750
unit three 25 Caring for the Child with a Gastrointestinal
The Prenatal Journey 191 Condition 785
8 Physiological and Psychosocial Changes During 26 Caring for the Child with an Immunological or
Pregnancy 193 Infectious Condition 819
9 The Prenatal Assessment 215 27 Caring for the Child with a Cardiovascular
Condition 853
10 Promoting a Healthy Pregnancy 256
28 Caring for the Child with an Endocrinological or
11 Caring for the Woman Experiencing Complications Metabolic Condition 885
During Pregnancy 291
29 Caring for the Child with a Neurological or
unit four Sensory Condition 921
The Birth Experience 353 30 Caring for the Child with a Musculoskeletal
Condition 962
12 The Process of Labor and Birth 355 31 Caring for the Child with an Integumentary
13 Promoting Patient Comfort During Labor and Condition 995
Birth 399 32 Caring for the Child with a Renal, Urinary Tract,
14 Caring for the Woman Experiencing Complications or Reproductive Condition 1033
During Labor and Birth 427 33 Caring for the Child with a Hematological
Condition 1071
unit five
34 Caring for the Child with Cancer 1104
Care of the New Family 467
35 Caring for the Child with a Chronic Condition or
15 Caring for the Postpartal Woman and Her the Dying Child 1133
Family 469
16 Caring for the Woman Experiencing Complications
During the Postpartal Period 511

, Maternal-Child
Nursing Care
Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, and Families




Susan L. Ward, PhD, RN
Professor of Nursing
Nebraska Methodist College
Omaha, Nebraska

Shelton M. Hisley, PhD, RNC, WHNP-BC
Assistant Professor of Nursing (Retired)
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
Wilmington, North Carolina

, F.A. Davis Company
1915 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
www.fadavis.com

Copyright © 2009 by F.A. Davis Company

Copyright © 2009 by F.A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No
part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the
publisher.

Printed in the United States of America

Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Publisher, Nursing: Lisa Deitch
Developmental Editor: Shirley Kuhn
Content Development Manager: Darlene Pedersen
Senior Project Editor: Padraic Maroney
Manager of Art and Design: Carolyn O’Brien
Cover Illustration: Jose Ortega


As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended
treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything
possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of
publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for
consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to
the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in
accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may
apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for
changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug.
Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs.


Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Ward, Susan L.
Maternal-child nursing care: optimizing outcomes for mothers, children, and
families / Susan L. Ward, Shelton M. Hisley.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8036-1486-4 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8036-1486-1 (alk. paper)
1. Maternity nursing--Textbooks. I. Hisley, Shelton M. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Maternal-Child Nursing--methods. 2. Cultural Diversity. 3.
Evidence-Based Nursing--methods. 4. Holistic Nursing--methods. WY 157.3
W263m 2009]
RG951.W37 2009
618.2’0231--dc22 2008051815


Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific
clients, is granted by F.A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center
(CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC,
222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy
license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the
Transactional Reporting Service is: 8036-1486-4/09 0 ⫹ $.25.

Inhoudsopgave

  1. 01 Copyright 4
  2. 02 Preface 7
    1. Philosophy 7
    2. Organization 7
    3. Themes and Key Features 8
    4. Holistic Care 8
    5. Critical Thinking 8
    6. Validating Practice 8
    7. Tools For Care 8
    8. Teaching Ancillaries and Other Related Products 9
    9. Instructor's Resource Disk 9
    10. Instructor's Guide 9
    11. Case Studies 9
    12. Concept Maps 9
    13. Electronic Test Bank 9
    14. PowerPoint Presentations 9
    15. Media Ancillary 9
    16. Electronic Study Guide 9
    17. Interactive Exercises 9
    18. Case Studies 9
    19. Nursing Care Plans 9
    20. Family Teaching Guidelines 9
    21. NCLEX-style Review Questions 9
    22. Sound Collection 9
    23. Podcasts 9
    24. Concept Maps 10
    25. Clinical Pathways 10
    26. Clinical Pocket Companion To Maternal–Child Nursing 10
  3. 03 Acknowledgments 11
    1. Dedicated Participants 11
  4. 04 Contributors 13
  5. 05 Reviewers 17
  6. 06 Detailed Table of Contents 19
  7. 07 Special Features 33
    1. Across Care Settings 33
    2. Assessment Tools 33
    3. Be Sure To 33
    4. Case Studies 34
    5. Clinical Alerts 34
    6. Collaboration in Caring 36
    7. Complementary Care 36
    8. Critical Nursing Action 37
    9. Diagnostic Tools 38
    10. Ethnocultural Considerations 38
    11. Family Teaching Guidelines 39
    12. Labs 39
    13. Medications 39
    14. Moving Toward Evidence-Based Practice 40
    15. Now Can You 40
    16. Nursing Care Plans 43
    17. Nursing Diagnoses 44
    18. Nursing Insights 44
    19. Optimizing Outcomes 48
    20. Procedures 49
    21. What to Say 50
    22. Where Research and Practice Meet 50
  8. 08 Unit One: Foundations in Maternal, Family, and Child Care 53
    1. Chapter 1: Traditional and Community Nursing Care for Women, Families, and Children 55
    2. Introduction 56
    3. Traditional Nursing Care 56
    4. Historical Perspective 56
    5. Health–Wellness Continuum 57
    6. Changing Demands And Demographics 59
    7. Professional Nursing Roles 59
    8. Contemporary Nursing Care 60
    9. Current Health Care Settings 60
    10. Family-centered Care 62
    11. Combining Modern Technology With The Caring Touch 63
    12. Professional Nursing Roles 65
    13. The Caring Art and Science of Nursing 65
    14. Theories That Frame Caring As The Core Of Nursing 66
    15. Essential Characteristics Of Caring 66
    16. Professional Nursing Roles 67
    17. Evidence-based Practice 70
    18. The Nursing Process 71
    19. Chapter 2: Contemporary Issues in Women's, Families', and Children's Health Care 77
    20. Introduction 78
    21. Framework: The Public Health Intervention Model 78
    22. How The Intervention Wheel Works 79
    23. Healthy People 2010: A Blueprint for Action 80
    24. Overview of Selected Societal Trends 81
    25. Aging Population With More Chronic Illnesses 81
    26. Increased Racial And Ethnic Diversity 81
    27. Disparities In Health Care 82
    28. Childbirth Trends 82
    29. Patterns Of Physical Fitness 82
    30. The Intersection Of Race, Class, And Health 83
    31. The Current Health Status of the Nation 83
    32. Infants And Young Children 83
    33. Families 85
    34. Women 85
    35. Politics, Socioeconomics, and Culture: Contemporary Influences and Trends 86
    36. Political Influences And Trends 86
    37. Socioeconomic Influences And Trends 87
    38. Personal And Cultural Influences And Trends 89
    39. Health Care for the Nation 90
    40. Delivery Systems 91
    41. Challenges For Nurses In Contemporary Society 91
    42. Contemporary Issues And Nursing Roles 93
    43. Chapter 3: The Evolving Family 98
    44. Introduction 99
    45. The Evolving Family 99
    46. Viewing The Family In A Nursing Context 99
    47. The 99
    48. National Initiative 99
    49. Families Today 99
    50. The Changing Family As Reflected In The Media 100
    51. Stressors On Families Today 101
    52. Family Theories and Models 102
    53. Family Systems Theory 103
    54. Family Developmental Stages And Theory 104
    55. Structural–Functional Theory 105
    56. Communication Theory 105
    57. Group Theory 106
    58. Bowen's Family Systems Theory 106
    59. Nursing Theories 106
    60. Family Assessment 107
    61. The Nursing Role In Family Assessment 107
    62. Tools To Facilitate The Family Assessment 108
    63. Components Of The Family Assessment 110
    64. Assessment Of Roles And Relationships 111
    65. Assessment Of The Family Developmental Stage 111
    66. Assessment Of Family Rituals 112
    67. Assessment For Triangulation 112
    68. Assessment For The Presence Of Dyads And Other Subsystems 112
    69. Family-Centered Care 113
    70. Nursing Diagnosis: Altered Family Processes 113
    71. Families with Special Needs 114
    72. Hospitalization 114
    73. Chronic Mental Illness 114
    74. Substance Abuse 115
    75. Sexual Or Physical Abuse 116
    76. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 116
    77. Chronic Physical Illness 117
    78. Death Of A Family Member 117
    79. Family Cultural Characteristics 118
    80. Acculturation And Assimilation 118
    81. Identity 118
    82. Connectedness 119
    83. Communication Patterns 119
    84. Socioeconomic Class 119
    85. Holistic Nursing Encompasses A Culturally Sensitive Family Approach 119
    86. Chapter 4: Caring for Women, Families, and Children in Contemporary Society 123
    87. Introduction 124
    88. Health Promotion Screening 125
    89. Health Screening Schedule 125
    90. Infant and Child Health 125
    91. Nutritional Guidance 125
    92. Dental Care 128
    93. Sleep And Rest 128
    94. Safety 130
    95. Play 131
    96. Immunizations 132
    97. Sexuality 132
    98. Adolescent Health 132
    99. Nutrition 134
    100. Sleep And Rest 136
    101. Safety 136
    102. Health Promotion 139
    103. Menstrual Disorders 143
    104. Young Adulthood Health 144
    105. Safety 144
    106. Health Promotion 145
    107. Middle Adulthood Health 147
    108. Health Promotion Screening 148
    109. The Climacteric, Menopause, Perimenopause, And Postmenopause 151
    110. Gynecological Disorders 153
    111. Older Adulthood Health 154
    112. Health Promotion 154
    113. Common Health Problems In Women 155
    114. Prostate Cancer Screening 157
    115. Mental And Emotional Health 158
  9. 09 Unit Two: The Process of Human Reproduction 163
    1. Chapter 5: Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology 165
    2. Introduction 166
    3. Sexual Differentiation in the Embryo 166
    4. Male Gender 166
    5. Female Gender 166
    6. Female Reproductive System 167
    7. External Structures (Pudendum Muliebre) 167
    8. Pelvic Floor 168
    9. Internal Structures 168
    10. Accessory Organs 170
    11. Uterine Anatomy 171
    12. Corpus 171
    13. Isthmus 171
    14. Cervix 171
    15. Uterine Support Structures 172
    16. Vagina 173
    17. Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra 173
    18. Bony Pelvis 173
    19. True/False Pelves 173
    20. Pelvic Diameters and Planes 174
    21. Pelvic Types 175
    22. Breasts 175
    23. Parts Of The Breast 176
    24. The Interplay of Hormones and Reproduction 176
    25. Hormones Released By The Hypothalamus 176
    26. Hormones Released By The Pituitary Gland 176
    27. Hormones Released By The Gonads 177
    28. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Prostaglandins, And Relaxin 178
    29. Sexual Maturation 179
    30. Puberty 179
    31. Female Secondary Sexual Characteristics 179
    32. The Menstrual Cycle and Reproduction 180
    33. Uterine (Endometrial) Cycle 180
    34. Menstrual Phase 180
    35. Proliferative Phase 180
    36. Secretory Phase 180
    37. Ischemic Phase 181
    38. Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Ovarian Cycle 181
    39. Hypothalamic–Pituitary Component 181
    40. Ovarian Component 181
    41. Follicular Phase 181
    42. Luteal Phase 181
    43. Body Changes Related to the Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation 181
    44. Natural Cessation of Menses 182
    45. Climacteric Phase 182
    46. Perimenopausal Phase 182
    47. Menopause 182
    48. Postmenopausal Phase 182
    49. Male Reproductive System 183
    50. External Structures 183
    51. Internal Structures 184
    52. Characteristics of Semen and Sperm 184
    53. Male Hormonal Influences 186
    54. Testosterone 186
    55. Fertility 186
    56. Age-related Development of the Male Reproductive System 186
    57. Chapter 6: Human Sexuality and Fertility 189
    58. Introduction 190
    59. Sexuality and Reproductive Health Care 190
    60. The Human Sexual Response 190
    61. Exploring Dimensions Of Sexuality 191
    62. A Nursing Framework for Promoting Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health 191
    63. Assessment 191
    64. Nursing Diagnoses For Patients Seeking Contraceptive Care 192
    65. Planning And Implementation Of Care 192
    66. Evaluation 194
    67. Toward Achieving the National Goals for Reproductive Life Planning 194
    68. Providing Contraceptive Care: Methods of Contraception 195
    69. Medication-free Contraception 195
    70. Coitus Interruptus 195
    71. Lactational Amenorrhea Method (breastfeeding) 195
    72. Abstinence 196
    73. Barrier Methods 196
    74. Hormonal Methods 199
    75. Injectable Hormonal Contraceptive Methods 202
    76. Intrauterine Devices 203
    77. Subdermal Hormonal Implant 203
    78. Sterilization 204
    79. Clinical Termination of Pregnancy 205
    80. Nursing Care Related To Elective Pregnancy Termination 205
    81. Surgical Termination Of Pregnancy 205
    82. Medical Termination Of Pregnancy 206
    83. The Nurse's Role in Infertility Care 206
    84. The Initial Assessment 206
    85. Later Methods Of Assessment 207
    86. Treatment Options for Infertility 208
    87. Medications 208
    88. Surgical Options 209
    89. Therapeutic Insemination 209
    90. Advanced Reproductive Technologies 210
    91. Infertility, ART, and Potential Effects on the Couple's Relationship 211
    92. Lifestyle Choices And Infertility 211
    93. Additional Options For The Infertile Couple 211
    94. Chapter 7: Conception and Development of the Embryo and Fetus 216
    95. Introduction 217
    96. Basic Concepts of Inheritance 217
    97. The Human Genome Project 217
    98. Chromosomes, Dna, And Genes 217
    99. Inheritance of Disease 219
    100. Multifactorial Inheritance 219
    101. Unifactorial Inheritance 219
    102. Cellular Division 221
    103. The Process of Fertilization 222
    104. The Process of Implantation and Placental Development 223
    105. Development of the Embryo and Fetus 224
    106. The Yolk Sac 224
    107. Origin And Function Of The Umbilical Cord 225
    108. The Fetal Circulatory System 225
    109. Fetal Membranes And Amniotic Fluid 226
    110. Human Growth and Development 227
    111. Pre-embryonic Period 227
    112. Embryonic Period 227
    113. The Fetal Period 228
    114. Factors that May Adversely Affect Embryonic and Fetal Development 230
    115. Chromosomes and Teratogens 230
    116. Torch Infections 233
    117. The Nurse's Role in Prenatal Evaluation 234
    118. Heredity and Genetics 235
    119. Maternal Age and Chromosomes 236
    120. Multifetal Pregnancy 237
    121. The Nurse's Role in Minimizing Threats to the Developing Embryo and Fetus 238
  10. 10 Unit Three: The Prenatal Journey 243
    1. Chapter 8: Physiological and Psychosocial Changes During Pregnancy 245
    2. Introduction 246
    3. Physiological Preparation for Pregnancy 246
    4. Hormonal Influences 246
    5. Reproductive System 247
    6. Integumentary System 249
    7. Neurological System 249
    8. Cardiovascular System 250
    9. Respiratory System 253
    10. Gastrointestinal System 254
    11. Urinary System 254
    12. Endocrine System 255
    13. Musculoskeletal System 256
    14. Nursing Assessment And Health Education 257
    15. Psychosocial Adaptations During Pregnancy 257
    16. Developmental And Family Changes 257
    17. Maternal Tasks And Role Transition 259
    18. Paternal Adaptation To Pregnancy 261
    19. Adaptation Of Siblings And Grandparents 262
    20. Maternal Adaptation During Absence Of A Significant Other 262
    21. Cultural Influences And Psychosocial Adaptations 262
    22. Hazards Of High-tech Management On Maternal Adaptation 263
    23. Societal And Cultural Influences On Family Adaptation 263
    24. Factors That Interfere With Psychosocial Adaptations During Pregnancy 263
    25. Nursing Assessment Of Psychosocial Changes And Prenatal Health Education 263
    26. Chapter 9: The Prenatal Assessment 267
    27. Introduction 268
    28. A Time of Wonder and Growth…and Ambivalence 268
    29. Concerns over Self-Preservation 268
    30. Navigating the Health Care System 269
    31. CAREing for the Patient 269
    32. Diminishing Stress and Improving Pregnancy Outcomes 270
    33. Choosing a Pregnancy Care Provider 271
    34. The First Prenatal Visit 272
    35. The Comprehensive Health History 272
    36. The Obstetric History 277
    37. Establishing the Estimated Date of Birth 278
    38. The Pregnancy Classification System 279
    39. Pregnancy Testing 280
    40. The Medical History 281
    41. The Gynecological History 283
    42. Screening and Diagnostic Tests During Pregnancy 283
    43. Sexually Transmitted Infections 284
    44. Cervical Cancer 285
    45. The Prenatal Physical Examination 285
    46. Preparing The Patient 285
    47. Performing The General Assessment 285
    48. Performing The General Physical Examination 286
    49. The Focused Obstetric Examination 288
    50. Subsequent Prenatal Examinations 294
    51. Assessing Special Populations 295
    52. The Adolescent 295
    53. The Pregnant Woman Older Than Age 35 301
    54. Chapter 10: Promoting a Healthy Pregnancy 308
    55. Introduction 309
    56. Planning for Pregnancy 310
    57. Preconception Counseling: A Tool To Help Promote A Positive Pregnancy Outcome 310
    58. The Healthy Body 311
    59. The Healthy Mind 315
    60. Nutrition and Weight Gain 316
    61. Important Nutritional Elements 317
    62. Weight Gain During Pregnancy 319
    63. Planning Daily Food Intake 320
    64. Factors Affecting Nutrition During Pregnancy 322
    65. Exercise, Work, and Rest During Pregnancy 323
    66. Exercise And Travel 323
    67. Work 324
    68. Rest 325
    69. Medications 326
    70. Safe Versus Teratogenic Medications 326
    71. FDA Classification System For Medications Used During Pregnancy 327
    72. Common Discomforts During Pregnancy 328
    73. Nausea 328
    74. Vomiting 328
    75. Ptyalism 329
    76. Fatigue 329
    77. Nasal Congestion 329
    78. Upper And Lower Backache 329
    79. Leukorrhea 329
    80. Urinary Frequency 329
    81. Dyspepsia 329
    82. Flatulence 330
    83. Constipation 330
    84. Dental Problems 330
    85. Leg Cramps 330
    86. Dependent Edema 330
    87. Varicosities 330
    88. Dyspareunia 330
    89. Nocturia 331
    90. Insomnia 331
    91. Round Ligament Pain 331
    92. Hyperventilation And Shortness Of Breath 331
    93. Numbness And Tingling In The Fingers 331
    94. Supine Hypotensive Syndrome 331
    95. Recognizing Signs and Symptoms of Danger 331
    96. First Trimester 331
    97. Second Trimester 332
    98. Third Trimester 332
    99. Using a Pregnancy Map to Guide Prenatal Visits 333
    100. Childbirth Education to Promote a Positive Childbearing Experience 333
    101. Methods Of Childbirth Preparation 333
    102. Finding Information On Childbirth Education 338
    103. Creating A Birth Plan 338
    104. Chapter 11: Caring for the Woman Experiencing Complications During Pregnancy 343
    105. Introduction 344
    106. Early Pregnancy Complications 344
    107. Perinatal Loss 344
    108. Ectopic Pregnancy 345
    109. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease 346
    110. Spontaneous Abortion 347
    111. Incompetent Cervix 348
    112. Hyperemesis Gravidarum 349
    113. Hemorrhagic Disorders 349
    114. Obstetric Causes of Vaginal Bleeding 350
    115. Placenta Previa 350
    116. Placental Abruption 351
    117. Preterm Labor 352
    118. Incidence 352
    119. Etiology And Risk Factors 352
    120. Morbidity And Mortality 353
    121. Diagnosis 353
    122. Biochemical Markers 353
    123. Management 353
    124. Premature Rupture of the Membranes 355
    125. Pathophysiology 355
    126. Diagnosis 355
    127. Management 355
    128. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 356
    129. Classifications And Definitions 356
    130. Preeclampsia 357
    131. Pathophysiology 357
    132. Risk Factors For Preeclampsia/eclampsia 358
    133. Maternal And Fetal Morbidity And Mortality 358
    134. Management Of Preeclampsia/eclampsia 359
    135. Nursing Assessments 361
    136. Identifying Hypertension 362
    137. Significance Of Proteinuria 362
    138. Assessing Edema 362
    139. Central Nervous System Alterations 362
    140. Eclampsia 363
    141. HELLP Syndrome 364
    142. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy 365
    143. Nursing Care 365
    144. Multiple Gestation 365
    145. Incidence 365
    146. Associated Complications 365
    147. Maternal And Fetal Morbidity And Mortality 366
    148. Diagnosis 366
    149. Management 366
    150. Nursing Implications 366
    151. Infections 367
    152. Urinary Tract Infection 367
    153. Torch Infections 368
    154. Sexually Transmitted Infections 368
    155. Tuberculosis 375
    156. Inflammatory Disease and Pregnancy 375
    157. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 375
    158. Hemoglobinopathies of Pregnancy 376
    159. Sickle Cell Disease 377
    160. Management 377
    161. Thalassemia 377
    162. Rh (D) Isoimmunization 378
    163. Pathophysiology 378
    164. Management 380
    165. ABO 380
    166. Respiratory Complications 380
    167. Pneumonia 380
    168. Asthma 381
    169. Cystic Fibrosis 381
    170. Cardiovascular Disease 382
    171. Management 383
    172. Nursing Implications For The Pregnant Cardiac Patient 384
    173. Mitral Valve Prolapse 384
    174. Peripartum Cardiomyopathy 384
    175. Diabetes in Pregnancy 385
    176. Definition And Classification Of Diabetes Mellitus 385
    177. Risk Factors For Gestational Diabetes 385
    178. Pathophysiology 385
    179. Maternal And Perinatal Morbidity And Mortality 386
    180. Screening And Diagnosis 387
    181. Management 387
    182. The Thyroid Gland and Pregnancy 387
    183. Hyperthyroidism 387
    184. Hypothyroidism 389
    185. Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism 389
    186. Pathophysiology 390
    187. Incidence And Risk Factors 390
    188. Psychiatric Complications During Pregnancy 390
    189. Consulting With The Pregnant Psychiatric Patient 390
    190. Depression 391
    191. Management 391
    192. Substance Abuse in Pregnancy 391
    193. Substance Addiction 391
    194. Antepartum Fetal Assessment 392
    195. Chorionic Villus Sampling 392
    196. Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling 392
    197. Amniocentesis 392
    198. Additional Invasive Tests 393
    199. Ultrasonography 393
    200. Kick Counts 393
    201. Doppler Ultrasound Blood Flow Studies (umbilical Velocimetry) 393
    202. Fetal Biophysical Profile 394
    203. Nonstress Test 394
    204. Acoustic Stimulation/Vibroacoustic Stimulation 394
    205. Contraction Stress Test 394
    206. Electronic Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring 395
    207. Special Conditions and Circumstances that May Complicate Pregnancy 395
    208. The Pregnant Woman Who Requires Antenatal Bed Rest 395
    209. Adolescent Pregnant Patient 396
    210. Advanced Age Pregnant Patient 396
    211. The Pregnant Patient Who Has Suffered Trauma 396
    212. Surgery During Pregnancy 397
    213. Cancer During Pregnancy 397
    214. Obesity 397
    215. The Patient With A Disability 398
    216. Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy 398
  11. 11 Unit Four: The Birth Experience 405
    1. Chapter 12: The Process of Labor and Birth 407
    2. Theories Concerning Labor Onset 408
    3. The Process of Labor and Birth 408
    4. Powers 409
    5. Passageway 411
    6. Passenger 411
    7. Passageway 416
    8. Passenger 416
    9. Psychosocial Influences 418
    10. Signs and Symptoms of Impending Labor 418
    11. Lightening 418
    12. Braxton-hicks Contractions 418
    13. Cervical Changes 419
    14. Bloody Show 419
    15. Rupture Of The Membranes 419
    16. Energy Spurt 419
    17. Weight Loss 419
    18. Gastrointestinal Disturbances 419
    19. Distinguishing True Labor from False Labor 419
    20. Childbirth Settings and Labor Support 421
    21. Routine Hospital and Birth Center Admission Procedures 421
    22. Establishing A Positive Relationship 422
    23. Collecting Admission Data 422
    24. Initial Admission Assessments 422
    25. The Focused Assessment 422
    26. The Psychosocial Assessment 423
    27. The Cultural Assessment 423
    28. Laboratory Tests 423
    29. Documentation of Admission 423
    30. First Stage of Labor 424
    31. Latent Phase 424
    32. Active Phase 424
    33. Transition Phase 424
    34. Nursing Care During The First Stage Of Labor 424
    35. Labor Support 426
    36. Presence 426
    37. Promotion Of Comfort 426
    38. Anticipatory Guidance 428
    39. Caring For The Birth Partner 428
    40. Ensuring Culture-centered Care 428
    41. Assessment of the Fetus During Labor and Birth 429
    42. Fetal Position 429
    43. Assessment Of The Fetal Heart Rate 430
    44. Variability 433
    45. Accelerations 434
    46. Decelerations 434
    47. Interpretation of FHR Tracings 436
    48. Nursing Interventions And Diagnoses 436
    49. Second Stage of Labor 437
    50. Promoting Effective Pushing 437
    51. Achieving A Position Of Comfort 438
    52. Preparation For The Birth 438
    53. Episiotomy 438
    54. Birth 439
    55. The Cardinal Movements 439
    56. Clamping The Umbilical Cord 440
    57. Possible Nursing Diagnoses for the Intrapartal Patient 441
    58. Third and Fourth Stages of Labor 441
    59. Third Stage of Labor 441
    60. Nursing Care Of The Mother During The Third Stage Of Labor 443
    61. Immediate Nursing Care of the Newborn 444
    62. The Apgar Scoring System 444
    63. Identification Of The Newborn 445
    64. Fourth Stage of Labor 445
    65. Nursing Care During The Fourth Stage Of Labor 445
    66. Chapter 13: Promoting Patient Comfort During Labor and Birth 451
    67. The Physiology of Pain During Labor and Birth 452
    68. Defining Pain 452
    69. Physical Causes Of Pain Related To Labor And Birth 453
    70. Pain Perception And Expression 453
    71. Factors That Affect Maternal Pain Response 454
    72. The Effects Of Prepared Childbirth On Pain Pathways 455
    73. Benefits Of Comfort And Support On Pain Perception 456
    74. Providing Comfort and Pain Relief 456
    75. Nonpharmacological Pain Relief Measures 457
    76. Pharmacological Pain Relief Measures 462
    77. Sedatives And Antiemetics 463
    78. Differentiating Analgesia From Anesthesia 464
    79. Systemic Analgesia 465
    80. Nerve Block Analgesia And Anesthesia 467
    81. General Anesthesia 473
    82. Nursing Care for the Patient Receiving Interventions to Promote Comfort During Labor and Birth 474
    83. Nursing Assessment And Diagnoses 474
    84. Chapter 14: Caring for the Woman Experiencing Complications During Labor and Birth 479
    85. Introduction 480
    86. Dystocia 481
    87. Dysfunctional Labor Patterns 481
    88. Hypertonic Labor 481
    89. Hypotonic Labor 482
    90. Precipitate Labor And Birth 483
    91. Pelvic Structure Alterations 484
    92. Trial Of Labor 484
    93. Obstetric Interventions 484
    94. Amnioinfusion 484
    95. Amniotomy 484
    96. Pharmacological Induction of Labor 485
    97. Indications For Induction 485
    98. Nursing Considerations 488
    99. Instrumentation Assistance Of Birth 489
    100. Maternal Conditions that Complicate Childbirth 491
    101. Hypertensive Disorders 491
    102. Diabetes 492
    103. Preterm Labor And Birth 493
    104. Complications of Labor and Birth Associated with the Fetus 494
    105. Fetal Malpresentation 494
    106. Version 495
    107. Shoulder Dystocia 496
    108. Cephalopelvic Disproportion 497
    109. Multiple Gestation 497
    110. Non-reassuring FHR Patterns 498
    111. Amniotic Fluid Complications 500
    112. Oligohydramnios 500
    113. Hydramnios 500
    114. Meconium 500
    115. Nuchal Cord 500
    116. Complications Associated with the Placenta 500
    117. Placenta Previa 500
    118. Placental Abruption 502
    119. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 503
    120. Rupture Of The Uterus 503
    121. Uterine Inversion 505
    122. Umbilical Cord Prolapse 505
    123. Variations Related To Umbilical Cord Insertion And The Placenta 507
    124. Amniotic Fluid Embolism 508
    125. Collaboration in Perinatal Emergencies 508
    126. Perinatal Fetal Loss 509
    127. Cultural Aspects Of Loss 510
    128. Cesarean Birth 510
    129. Definition And Incidence 510
    130. Indications 510
    131. Ethical Considerations Of Elective Cesarean Birth 510
    132. Surgical Procedures 511
    133. Nursing Care 511
    134. Surgical Care 512
    135. Postoperative Care 512
    136. Vaginal Birth After Cesarean 512
    137. Nursing Implications 512
    138. Research Findings And Implications 513
    139. Postterm Pregnancy/Prolonged Pregnancy 513
    140. Medical Management 514
  12. 12 Unit Five: Care of the New Family 519
    1. Chapter 15: Caring for the Postpartal Woman and Her Family 521
    2. Introduction 522
    3. Ensuring Safety for the Mother and Infant 522
    4. Early Maternal Assessment 523
    5. Vital Signs 523
    6. Temperature 523
    7. Pulse 523
    8. Blood Pressure 524
    9. Respirations 524
    10. Fundus, Lochia, Perineum 524
    11. Hemorrhoids 525
    12. A Concise Postpartum Assessment Guide to Facilitate Nursing Care 525
    13. The Mnemonic 525
    14. Maternal Physiological Adaptations and Continued Assessment of the Patient 533
    15. Hematological And Metabolic Systems 533
    16. Neurological System 535
    17. Renal System, Fluid, And Electrolytes 535
    18. Respiratory System 535
    19. Integumentary System 535
    20. Cardiovascular System 535
    21. Immune System 536
    22. Reproductive System 536
    23. Gastrointestinal System 536
    24. Musculoskeletal System 537
    25. Care for the Multicultural Family 537
    26. Enhancing Cultural Sensitivity 537
    27. Cultural Influences On The Puerperium 537
    28. Clinical Implications Of Culturally Appropriate Care 538
    29. Promoting Recovery and Self-Care in the Puerperium 538
    30. Activity And Rest 538
    31. Nourishment 538
    32. Elimination 538
    33. Perineal Care 539
    34. Discomfort Related To Afterpains 539
    35. Special Considerations For Women With Hiv/aids 539
    36. Care of the Postpartal Surgical Patient 540
    37. Permanent Sterilization (tubal Ligation) 540
    38. Care Of The Patient After A Cesarean Birth 540
    39. Care Of The Incisional Wound 540
    40. Recovery From Anesthesia 540
    41. Facilitating Infant Nourishment: Educating Parents to Make Informed Choices 541
    42. Enhancing Understanding Of The Process Of Lactation 542
    43. Assisting The Mother Who Chooses To Breastfeed: Strategies For Breastfeeding Success 543
    44. Evaluation Of Nourishment: Infant Weight Gain 546
    45. Positions For Breastfeeding 546
    46. Problems That Result In Ineffective Breastfeeding 547
    47. Collecting And Storing Breast Milk 548
    48. Infant Weaning 549
    49. Assisting The Mother Who Chooses To Formula-feed Her Infant 549
    50. Promoting Family and Infant Bonding 550
    51. Facilitating The Transition To Parenthood 550
    52. Assuming The Mothering Role 550
    53. Bonding and Attachment 551
    54. Maternal 551
    55. Paternal 552
    56. Factors That May Interrupt The Bonding Process 552
    57. Adjustment Of Siblings To The Newborn 553
    58. Adjustment Of Grandparents To The Newborn 553
    59. Emotional and Physiological Adjustments During the Puerperium 554
    60. Emotional Events 554
    61. Physiological Responses To Emotional Events 554
    62. Postpartal Discharge Planning and Teaching 555
    63. Promoting Maternal Self Care 555
    64. Components Of Maternal Self-assessment 555
    65. Planning For The Follow-up Examination 558
    66. Patients with Special Needs During the Puerperium 558
    67. Care Of The Adolescent 558
    68. The Woman Who Is Placing Her Infant For Adoption 559
    69. The Older Woman 559
    70. Community Resources for the New Family 559
    71. Support Groups 559
    72. Home Visits 559
    73. Telephone Follow-up 559
    74. Outpatient Clinics 559
    75. Chapter 16: Caring for the Woman Experiencing Complications During the Postpartal Period 563
    76. Introduction 564
    77. Postpartum Hemorrhage 564
    78. Incidence And Definition 564
    79. Early Versus Late Hemorrhage 565
    80. Uterine Atony 565
    81. Trauma 565
    82. Tissue 566
    83. Thrombin 566
    84. Late Postpartum Hemorrhage 566
    85. Hypovolemic Shock 566
    86. Collaborative Management of PPH 567
    87. Hematomas 570
    88. Definition, Incidence, And Risk Factors 570
    89. Signs And Symptoms 570
    90. Collaborative Management 570
    91. Puerperal (Postpartum) Infections 572
    92. Definition And Incidence 572
    93. Types Of Puerperal Infections 572
    94. Nursing Assessment 572
    95. Collaborative Management 572
    96. Thrombophlebitis and Thrombosis 579
    97. Definition, Incidence, And Risk Factors 579
    98. Pathophysiology 579
    99. Signs And Symptoms 579
    100. Diagnostic Tests 580
    101. Collaborative Management 580
    102. Pulmonary Embolus 582
    103. Postpartum Psychosocial Complications 582
    104. Postpartum Blues 582
    105. Postpartum Depression 582
    106. Postpartum Psychosis 584
    107. Summarizing Postpartum Psychosocial Nursing Care 586
    108. Postpartum Nursing for Vulnerable Populations 586
    109. Victims Of Abuse 587
    110. Undocumented Immigrants And Minority Health Care 588
    111. Homelessness And Limited Access To Care 589
    112. Postpartum Care Of Vulnerable Populations 589
    113. Chapter 17: Physiological Transition of the Newborn 593
    114. Introduction 594
    115. Adaptations of the Respiratory System 594
    116. Intrapulmonary Fluid, Fetal Breathing Movements, And Surfactant 594
    117. The First Breath 595
    118. Factors That May Interfere With Initiation And Maintenance Of Respirations 596
    119. Cardiopulmonary Transitions 597
    120. Cardiovascular Adaptation 598
    121. Changes After Placental Expulsion 598
    122. Assessing The Cardiovascular Transition 599
    123. Thermogenic Adaptation 599
    124. The Neutral Thermal Environment 599
    125. Factors Related To Cold Stress 600
    126. Physiological Adaptations For Heat Production 600
    127. Mechanisms For Neonatal Heat Loss 600
    128. Preventing Hyperthermia 601
    129. Hematopoietic Adaptation 602
    130. Blood Volume 602
    131. Blood Components 602
    132. Hepatic Adaptation 603
    133. Glycogen And Blood Glucose Maintenance 603
    134. Iron Storage 604
    135. Conjugation Of Bilirubin 604
    136. Coagulation Of Blood 607
    137. Gastrointestinal Adaptation 607
    138. Stomach And Digestive Enzymes 607
    139. Intestinal Peristalsis 607
    140. Genitourinary Adaptation 607
    141. Kidney Function 607
    142. Immunological Adaptation 609
    143. Psychosocial Adaptation 609
    144. Early Stages Of Activity 609
    145. Newborn Behavioral States 610
    146. Sleep States 610
    147. Alert States 610
    148. Chapter 18: Caring for the Normal Newborn 615
    149. Introduction 616
    150. The Immediate Neonatal Assessment 616
    151. Identification 618
    152. Infection And Injury Prevention 619
    153. The Later Neonatal Assessment 621
    154. Body Positioning 621
    155. Skin Color 622
    156. Body Size 623
    157. Level Of Reactivity 623
    158. Obtaining Measurements And Determining The Gestational Age 623
    159. Conducting and Documenting the Neonatal Physical Assessment 626
    160. Assessment Of The Neonate: A Systems Approach 626
    161. Enhancing the Neonate's Transition to Extrauterine Life 645
    162. Temperature Assessment 645
    163. Bathing The Newborn 645
    164. Nail Care And Umbilical Cord Care 646
    165. Clothing 646
    166. Diapering 646
    167. Fostering Attachment 647
    168. Circumcision 648
    169. Ensuring Optimal Nutrition 649
    170. Discharge Planning for the Infant and Family 650
    171. Child Care 650
    172. Newborn Metabolic Screening Tests 651
    173. Chapter 19: Caring for the Newborn at Risk 655
    174. Introduction 656
    175. The High-Risk Newborn 657
    176. Classification Of High-risk Newborns 657
    177. Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants 658
    178. Conditions Affecting The Sga Newborn 659
    179. Large-for-Gestational-Age Infants 662
    180. Conditions Affecting The Lga Newborn 663
    181. The Premature Newborn 666
    182. Physical Assessment Of The Premature Newborn 666
    183. Conditions Affecting The Premature Newborn 666
    184. The Postterm Newborn 673
    185. Conditions Affecting The Postterm Newborn 673
    186. Additional Conditions Affecting The High-Risk Newborn 674
    187. Metabolic Conditions 674
    188. Neurological Conditions 676
    189. Gastrointestinal Conditions 677
    190. Abdominal Wall Defects 678
    191. Infections In The Newborn 679
    192. Developmental Delay 680
    193. Care of the High-Risk Newborn 681
    194. Blood Pressure 681
    195. Nutritional Care 681
    196. Developmental Care 683
    197. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 684
    198. Classification Of The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 685
    199. Transporting The Preterm Newborn 685
    200. Discharge Planning 686
  13. 13 Unit Six: Caring for the Child and Family 691
    1. Chapter 20: Caring for the Developing Child 693
    2. Introduction 694
    3. Influences on Growth and Development 694
    4. Principles of Childhood Growth and Development 694
    5. Growth and Development Theories 695
    6. Psychosocial Development Theories 695
    7. Attachment Theories 697
    8. Learning Theories 697
    9. Cognitive Theories 698
    10. Intelligence Theories 699
    11. Moral Development Theories 699
    12. Spiritual Development Theories 702
    13. Family Development Theories 703
    14. Temperament 703
    15. Newborn and Infant 704
    16. Reflexes And Neurological Development 704
    17. Sensory Development 704
    18. Physical Development 705
    19. Cognitive Development 705
    20. Language 706
    21. Psychosocial Development 706
    22. Discipline 707
    23. Toddler (1 to 3 years) 707
    24. Physical Development 707
    25. Cognitive Development 707
    26. Language Development 708
    27. Psychosocial Development 708
    28. Moral Development 708
    29. Discipline 708
    30. Temper Tantrums 708
    31. Early Childhood (Preschooler) (3 to 6 years) 709
    32. Physical Development 709
    33. Cognitive Development 709
    34. Language 709
    35. Psychosocial Development 710
    36. Moral Development 710
    37. Discipline 710
    38. School-Age Child (6 to 12 years) 710
    39. Physical Development 710
    40. Cognitive Development 711
    41. Language Development 711
    42. Psychosocial Development 711
    43. Moral Development 711
    44. Discipline 712
    45. Adolescence (12 to 19 years) 712
    46. Physical Development 712
    47. Cognitive Development 712
    48. Language 712
    49. Psychosocial Development 712
    50. Moral Development 712
    51. Discipline 712
    52. Chapter 21: Caring for the Child in the Hospital and in the Community 716
    53. Introduction 717
    54. Gathering the Child's Health History 717
    55. Establishing A Relationship With The Patient And The Family 717
    56. Asking Questions 718
    57. Comprehensive Health History 718
    58. Health Assessment 724
    59. Anthropometric Measurements 724
    60. Vital Signs 725
    61. Physical Assessment 725
    62. Routine Health Screening 733
    63. General Care Measures for the Child in the Hospital or Clinic Setting 734
    64. Bathing 734
    65. Feeding 735
    66. Rest 735
    67. Safety Measures 735
    68. Infection Control Measures 736
    69. Fever-reducing Measures 736
    70. Emotional And Spiritual Support 737
    71. Common Procedures for the Child in the Hospital or Clinic Setting 737
    72. Explaining Procedures 737
    73. Informed Consent 739
    74. Intravenous Lines 739
    75. Measuring Intake And Output 740
    76. X-ray Exams 740
    77. Specimen Collection 740
    78. Restraining The Child 743
    79. The Child in Pain 744
    80. Pain Assessment And Management 744
    81. The Child with Disabilities 746
    82. Emotional Concerns 746
    83. Developmental Concerns 748
    84. Physical Concerns 748
    85. Caregiver Fatigue 748
    86. Resiliency 748
    87. Chapter 22: Caring for the Family Across Care Settings 753
    88. Introduction 754
    89. Across Care Settings 754
    90. Primary Health Care Provider Or Clinic Setting 755
    91. The Hospitalized Child 756
    92. Twenty-four-hour Observation Unit 761
    93. Ambulatory Surgery Center 761
    94. Critical Care Unit 761
    95. Emergency Department 762
    96. Community Settings 762
    97. Clinics 763
    98. Specialty Camps 763
    99. Churches, Synagogues, Mosques 763
    100. Care In School Settings 764
  14. 14 Unit Seven: Ongoing Care of the Child in the Hospital and in the Community 767
    1. Chapter 23: Caring for the Child with a Psychosocial or Cognitive Condition 769
    2. Introduction 770
    3. Developmental Psychopathology 770
    4. Vulnerability and Resilience 771
    5. Culture, Diversity, and Health Disparities 771
    6. Barriers to Child and Adolescent Mental Health 772
    7. Psychopathology in Children 772
    8. Anxiety 772
    9. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 774
    10. Mood Disorders 774
    11. Depression 775
    12. Bipolar Disorder 775
    13. Suicide 777
    14. Schizophrenia 778
    15. Autism Spectrum Disorders 780
    16. Psychosocial and Cognitive Disorders 781
    17. Reactive Attachment Disorder 781
    18. Failure To Thrive 782
    19. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder 783
    20. Oppositional Defiant Disorder And Conduct Disorder 784
    21. Tic Disorders 786
    22. Tourette's Syndrome 786
    23. Maltreatment of Children 787
    24. Substance Use and Abuse 788
    25. Eating Disorders 789
    26. Obesity 790
    27. Sleep Disorders 791
    28. Developmental Conditions 792
    29. Developmental Disabilities 792
    30. Down Syndrome 794
    31. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder 794
    32. Learning Disorders and Cognitive Impairment 795
    33. Elimination Disorders 795
    34. Enuresis 795
    35. Encopresis 796
    36. Chapter 24: Caring for the Child with a Respiratory Condition 802
    37. Introduction 803
    38. The Child's Respiratory System 803
    39. Congenital Respiratory Conditions and Structural Anomalies 804
    40. Choanal Atresia 804
    41. Esophageal Atresia And Tracheoesophageal Fistula 805
    42. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 806
    43. Respiratory Distress Syndrome 808
    44. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 809
    45. Cystic Fibrosis 810
    46. Upper Airway Disorders 813
    47. Sinusitis 813
    48. Nasopharyngitis 814
    49. Pharyngitis 815
    50. Tonsillitis 816
    51. Croup Or Laryngotracheobronchitis 817
    52. Otitis Media/externa 818
    53. Otitis Media 819
    54. Lower Airway Disorders 820
    55. Bronchitis 820
    56. Respiratory Syncytial Virus 820
    57. Pneumonia 821
    58. Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 823
    59. Infectious Conditions 823
    60. Pertussis 823
    61. Tuberculosis 824
    62. Influenza 826
    63. Pulmonary Noninfectious Irritation 826
    64. Foreign Body Aspiration 826
    65. Smoke Inhalation 828
    66. Passive Smoking 829
    67. Respiratory Conditions Related to Allergens 830
    68. Allergic Rhinitis 830
    69. Asthma 830
    70. Chapter 25: Caring for the Child with a Gastrointestinal Condition 837
    71. Introduction 837
    72. Developmental Aspects of the Gastrointestinal System 838
    73. Structural Gastrointestinal Disorders 839
    74. Inguinal Hernia 839
    75. Umbilical Hernia 840
    76. Anorectal Malformations 840
    77. Obstructive Gastrointestinal Disorders 841
    78. Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis 841
    79. Intussusception 842
    80. Malrotation And Volvulus 843
    81. Inflammatory Disorders 844
    82. Irritable Bowel Syndrome 844
    83. Inflammatory Bowel Disease 845
    84. Appendicitis 847
    85. Omphalitis 849
    86. Meckel Diverticulum 849
    87. Functional Gastrointestinal Conditions 849
    88. Infantile Colic 849
    89. Acute Diarrhea 850
    90. Chronic Diarrhea 852
    91. Vomiting 852
    92. Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome 854
    93. Constipation 855
    94. Encopresis 857
    95. Gastroesophageal Reflux And Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 858
    96. Hirschsprung Disease 859
    97. Malabsorption Disorders 860
    98. Lactose Intolerance 860
    99. Celiac Disease 861
    100. Short Bowel Syndrome 862
    101. Hepatic Disorders 863
    102. Biliary Atresia 863
    103. Cirrhosis 864
    104. Hepatitis 865
    105. Abdominal Trauma: Injuries 866
    106. Chapter 26: Caring for the Child with an Immunological or Infectious Condition 871
    107. Introduction 872
    108. The Immune System 872
    109. The Body's Defense 873
    110. Congenital Immunodeficiency Disorders 873
    111. B-cell Disorders 874
    112. T-cell Disorders 874
    113. B-lymphocyte Disorders 874
    114. Combined Immunodeficiency Disorders 874
    115. Immunodeficiency Disorders 874
    116. Human Immunodeficiency Virus 874
    117. Transplantation 879
    118. Nursing Care 879
    119. Autoimmune Disorders 879
    120. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 879
    121. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis 881
    122. Allergic Reaction 882
    123. Anaphylaxis 882
    124. Infectious Diseases of Childhood 883
    125. Infection 883
    126. Common Viral Infections 893
    127. Cytomegalovirus Infections 893
    128. Herpes Zoster 894
    129. Smallpox 894
    130. Infectious Mononucleosis 894
    131. Common Fungal Infections 895
    132. Candida Albicans (Oral Thrush) 895
    133. Immunizations 896
    134. Nursing Care 898
    135. Animal-Borne Infectious Diseases 899
    136. Rabies 899
    137. West Nile Virus 899
    138. Avian Influenza 900
    139. An Emerging Issue in Infectious Disease: Resistant Organisms 901
    140. Antibiotic Alternatives 901
    141. Chapter 27: Caring for the Child with a Cardiovascular Condition 905
    142. Introduction 906
    143. Congenital Heart Disease 909
    144. Cyanotic Versus Acyanotic Congenital Heart Defects 909
    145. Segmental Classification of Congenital Heart Defects 909
    146. Defects In The Septum 909
    147. Defects Of The Vessels And Valves 912
    148. Conal–Truncal Defects 916
    149. Combination Defects 917
    150. Cardiac Diseases 918
    151. Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis 918
    152. Kawasaki Disease 918
    153. Cardiomyopathy 919
    154. Additional Cardiac Conditions 920
    155. Cardiac Trauma 920
    156. Hypertension 921
    157. Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 921
    158. Neurally Mediated Syncope 922
    159. Long Q-T Syndrome 922
    160. Rhythm Disturbances 923
    161. Invasive Tests 923
    162. Cardiac Catheterization 923
    163. Angiography 925
    164. Biopsy 926
    165. Closure Devices 926
    166. Opening Devices 926
    167. Nursing Care 926
    168. Surgical Interventions 927
    169. Pacemakers 927
    170. Cardiac Transplantation 927
    171. Nursing Care for the Child with a Cardiac Condition 931
    172. Caring For The Child In The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit 931
    173. Transferring The Stable Child To A Surgical Or Medical Unit 932
    174. Caring For Children With Cardiac Conditions Across Care Settings 933
    175. Chapter 28: Caring for the Child with an Endocrinological or Metabolic Condition 937
    176. Introduction 939
    177. Pathophysiological Conditions of the Endocrine System 939
    178. Conditions of the Anterior Pituitary 939
    179. Conditions of the Posterior Pituitary 944
    180. Conditions of the Thyroid 947
    181. Conditions of the Parathyroid 949
    182. Conditions of the Adrenals 951
    183. Metabolic Conditions 958
    184. Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 958
    185. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 964
    186. Diabetic Ketoacidosis 966
    187. Chapter 29: Caring for the Child with a Neurological or Sensory Condition 973
    188. Introduction 974
    189. Altered States of Consciousness 974
    190. The Unconscious Child 975
    191. Persistent Vegetative State 977
    192. Increased Intracranial Pressure 978
    193. Seizure Disorders 981
    194. Inflammatory Neurological Conditions 985
    195. Meningitis 985
    196. Encephalitis 986
    197. Brain Abscess 988
    198. Reye Syndrome 988
    199. Guillain-Barré Syndrome 990
    200. Developmental Neurological Conditions 991
    201. Spina Bifida 991
    202. Hydrocephalus 993
    203. Cerebral Palsy 996
    204. Neurological Injuries 997
    205. Near Drowning 997
    206. Head Injury 998
    207. Shaken Baby Syndrome 999
    208. Spinal Cord Injury 999
    209. Nontraumatic Neurological Conditions 1001
    210. Headaches 1001
    211. Sensory Conditions 1002
    212. Eye Disorders 1002
    213. Eye Injuries 1006
    214. Hearing Loss 1007
    215. Language Disorders 1009
    216. Chapter 30: Caring for the Child with a Musculoskeletal Condition 1014
    217. Introduction 1016
    218. Immobilizing Devices 1017
    219. Casts 1017
    220. Principles of Traction 1020
    221. Skin Traction 1020
    222. Skeletal Traction 1021
    223. Common Musculoskeletal Conditions found in Children 1024
    224. Clubfoot 1024
    225. Legg–Calve–Perthes Disease 1025
    226. Slipped Femoral Capital Epiphysis 1026
    227. Fractures 1027
    228. Soft Tissue Injuries 1029
    229. Sports Injuries 1030
    230. Osgood–Schlatter Disease 1031
    231. Osteomyelitis 1031
    232. Juvenile Arthritis 1032
    233. Muscular Dystrophies 1034
    234. Scoliosis 1035
    235. Kyphosis 1038
    236. Lordosis 1038
    237. Spinal Fusion 1039
    238. Tetanus 1039
    239. Osteogenesis Imperfecta 1041
    240. Osteoporosis 1043
    241. Chapter 31: Caring for the Child with an Integumentary Condition 1047
    242. Introduction 1048
    243. Skin Lesions 1049
    244. Wounds and Wound Healing 1050
    245. Skin Infections 1050
    246. Bacterial Infections 1054
    247. Viral Infections 1059
    248. Fungal Infections 1061
    249. Dermatitis 1063
    250. Contact Dermatitis 1063
    251. Atopic Dermatitis 1063
    252. Seborrheic Dermatitis 1064
    253. Cutaneous Skin Reactions 1064
    254. Infestations 1065
    255. Lice 1065
    256. Mite Infestation 1065
    257. Bites and Stings 1066
    258. Insects 1066
    259. Animal Bites 1067
    260. Human Bites 1069
    261. Diseases from Bites 1069
    262. Lyme Disease 1069
    263. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 1070
    264. Cat Scratch Disease 1070
    265. Burns 1071
    266. Thermal Burns 1071
    267. Chemical Burns 1072
    268. Electrical 1072
    269. Radiation 1072
    270. Classification Of Burns 1073
    271. Nursing Care 1074
    272. Hypothermia 1077
    273. Frostbite 1079
    274. Pressure Ulcers 1079
    275. Chapter 32: Caring for the Child with a Renal, Urinary Tract, or Reproductive Condition 1085
    276. Introduction 1086
    277. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance 1087
    278. Disorders of the Renal and Urinary Systems 1090
    279. Urinary Tract Infections 1090
    280. Vesicoureteral Reflux 1091
    281. Unexplained Proteinuria 1094
    282. Hematuria 1095
    283. Glomerular Disease 1096
    284. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome 1098
    285. Henoch–Schönlein Purpura 1099
    286. Chronic Glomerulonephritis 1099
    287. Structural Defects of the Urinary System 1100
    288. Renal Trauma 1100
    289. Acute Renal Failure 1101
    290. Chronic Renal Failure 1105
    291. Dialysis in Pediatric Nursing 1107
    292. Peritoneal Dialysis 1107
    293. Hemodialysis 1108
    294. Renal Transplantation 1109
    295. Functional Disorders of the Urinary Tract 1110
    296. Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome/ Voiding Dysfunction 1110
    297. Enuresis 1111
    298. Exstrophy Of The Bladder 1113
    299. Reproductive Disorders Affecting Girls 1113
    300. Vulvovaginitis 1113
    301. Labial Adhesions 1114
    302. Amenorrhea 1114
    303. Reproductive Disorders Affecting Boys 1115
    304. Varicocele 1115
    305. Cryptorchidism 1116
    306. Hypospadias And Epispadias 1116
    307. Testicular Torsion 1117
    308. Reproductive Disorders Affecting Both Girls and Boys 1118
    309. Ambiguous Genitalia 1118
    310. Chapter 33: Caring for the Child with a Hematological Condition 1123
    311. Introduction 1124
    312. Common Hematological Conditions 1125
    313. Anemia 1125
    314. Iron-Deficiency Anemia 1127
    315. Epistaxis 1128
    316. Sickle Cell Disease 1129
    317. Thalassemia 1133
    318. Hereditary Spherocytosis 1134
    319. Hemophilia 1134
    320. Von Willebrand's Disease 1135
    321. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura 1137
    322. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 1138
    323. Aplastic Anemia 1139
    324. Neutropenia 1142
    325. Blood Transfusion Therapy 1144
    326. Blood Product Administration 1144
    327. Sensitivity To Cultural And Religious Beliefs 1148
    328. Transfusion Reactions 1148
    329. Febrile Reaction 1148
    330. Allergic Reaction 1148
    331. Bacterial Contamination 1149
    332. Circulatory Overload 1149
    333. Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction 1149
    334. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1150
    335. Apheresis 1150
    336. Thrombosis 1152
    337. Chapter 34: Caring for the Child with Cancer 1156
    338. Differences Between Childhood and Adult Cancers 1157
    339. Introduction 1157
    340. Common Childhood Cancers 1158
    341. Leukemia 1158
    342. Solid Tumors 1162
    343. Bone Tumors 1166
    344. Lymphomas 1168
    345. Other Cancers 1169
    346. Nursing Care of the Child with Cancer 1170
    347. Nutrition 1170
    348. Infection 1170
    349. Chemotherapy 1170
    350. Radiation 1171
    351. Surgery 1174
    352. Pain Control 1175
    353. Psychosocial Support 1175
    354. Negative Effects of Chemotherapy 1175
    355. Nausea And Vomiting 1176
    356. Alopecia 1176
    357. Extravasation 1177
    358. Mucositis 1177
    359. Diarrhea And Constipation 1177
    360. Anemia 1177
    361. Thrombocytopenia 1178
    362. Neutropenia 1178
    363. Long-term Effects Of Cancer Treatments 1178
    364. Medical Emergencies 1178
    365. Hemorrhagic Cystitis 1178
    366. Tumor Lysis Syndrome 1179
    367. Septic Shock 1180
    368. The Psychological Impact of Pediatric Cancer 1180
    369. Chapter 35: Caring for the Child with a Chronic Condition or the Dying Child 1185
    370. Introduction 1186
    371. A Chronic Condition and Its Relationship to Technology 1187
    372. Impact of a Chronic Condition 1187
    373. Impact of a Chronic Condition On The Infant 1188
    374. Impact of a Chronic Condition On The Toddler 1188
    375. Impact of a Chronic Condition On The Preschooler 1189
    376. Impact of a Chronic Condition On The School-age Child 1189
    377. Impact of a Chronic Condition On The Adolescent 1190
    378. Impact of a Chronic Condition On The Sibling 1190
    379. The Child Living with a Chronic Condition 1191
    380. Emotional Responses to a Chronic Condition 1192
    381. Important Aspects When Caring for a Child with a Chronic Condition 1192
    382. Establishing A Therapeutic Relationship 1192
    383. Growth And Development 1193
    384. Education 1193
    385. Cultural Issues 1193
    386. The Dying Child 1194
    387. Perceptions Of Death 1194
    388. Before The Child Dies 1195
    389. Palliative Care, Hospice Care And End-of-life Care 1196
    390. After The Child Dies 1198
    391. Grieving 1199
    392. Grief Theories 1199
    393. Saying Good-bye 1203
    394. The Sibling Says Good-bye 1203
    395. Remembrance Packet 1204
    396. Organ Tissue Donation 1204
    397. Funerals 1204
    398. Caring for the Professional Caregiver 1204
  15. 15 Appendix A: Centigrade to Fahrenheit Temperature Conversions 1209
  16. 16 Appendix B: Expected Temperatures in Children 1210
  17. 17 Photo and Illustration Credits 1211
  18. 18 Index 1217

Documentinformatie

Geüpload op
11 juli 2026
Aantal pagina's
1260
Geschreven in
2025/2026
Type
Samenvatting
Meld schending auteursrecht
$16.49
Verkeerd document? Gratis ruilen Binnen 14 dagen na aankoop en voor het downloaden kan je een ander document kiezen. Je kan het bedrag gewoon opnieuw besteden.
Geschreven door studenten die geslaagd zijn
Direct beschikbaar na je betaling
Online lezen of als PDF
Seller avatar
OliviaFenella
Verkocht
4
Volgers
1
Items
282
Laatst verkocht
19 uur geleden

Gerelateerde vakken

Onderwerpen

  • maternal child nursing care optimizing outcomes

Waarom studenten kiezen voor Stuvia

Gemaakt door medestudenten, geverifieerd door reviews

Kwaliteit die je kunt vertrouwen: geschreven door studenten die slaagden en beoordeeld door anderen die dit document gebruikten.

Niet tevreden? Kies een ander document

Geen zorgen! Je kunt voor hetzelfde geld direct een ander document kiezen dat beter past bij wat je zoekt.

Betaal zoals je wilt, start meteen met leren

Geen abonnement, geen verplichtingen. Betaal zoals je gewend bent via Bancontact, iDeal of creditcard en download je PDF-document meteen.

Student with book image

“Gekocht, gedownload en geslaagd. Zo eenvoudig kan het zijn.”

Alisha Student

Bezig met je bronvermelding?

Maak nauwkeurige citaten in APA, MLA en Harvard met onze gratis bronnengenerator.

Meer weten Bronvermelding maken
Bezig met je bronvermelding?

Veelgestelde vragen