NSG 3280 Pathophysiology | Exam WITH QUESTION AND
WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS @2026!!!
Etiology - ANSWERS💫✔️-The study of the causes or reasons for a disease.
Idiopathic - ANSWERS💫✔️-A condition with an unknown cause.
Iatrogenic - ANSWERS💫✔️-A condition caused by unwanted or unintended medical treatment.
Risk factor - ANSWERS💫✔️-A characteristic or condition that increases the probability of developing a
disease.
Pathogenesis - ANSWERS💫✔️-The development of a disease from the initial stimulus to its full
expression.
Latent period - ANSWERS💫✔️-The time between exposure to an injurious agent and the first signs and
symptoms of a disease.
Incubation period - ANSWERS💫✔️-The time between exposure to a pathogen and the first signs and
symptoms of an infection.
Prodromal period - ANSWERS💫✔️-The time when the first signs and symptoms of a disease appear,
often nonspecific.
Acute phase - ANSWERS💫✔️-The stage of a disease when it reaches full intensity.
Silent period - ANSWERS💫✔️-An interval in a disease when signs and symptoms become mild or may
disappear.
Subclinical stage - ANSWERS💫✔️-A stage where the disease process is established, but the patient may
function normally.
,Sequela - ANSWERS💫✔️-A secondary condition that results from a disease.
Exacerbation - ANSWERS💫✔️-An acute increase in the severity of a disease.
Remission - ANSWERS💫✔️-A decline in the severity of a disease.
Convalescence - ANSWERS💫✔️-The recovery period after a disease.
Epidemiology - ANSWERS💫✔️-The study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations.
Endemic - ANSWERS💫✔️-A disease that is native to a local region.
Epidemic - ANSWERS💫✔️-A disease that affects or spreads to many individuals at the same time.
Pandemic - ANSWERS💫✔️-A disease that affects a large geographic area, often worldwide.
Primary prevention - ANSWERS💫✔️-Strategies aimed at altering susceptibility or decreasing exposure
for susceptible individuals.
Secondary prevention - ANSWERS💫✔️-Early detection and screening for diseases.
Tertiary prevention - ANSWERS💫✔️-Rehabilitative care aimed at decreasing disability and increasing
function.
Homeostasis - ANSWERS💫✔️-The process of maintaining stability in the body's internal environment.
Allostasis - ANSWERS💫✔️-The process of achieving stability through change in response to challenges.
, Stages of General Adaptation - ANSWERS💫✔️-The three stages the body goes through in response to
stress: Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion.
Catecholamine Release - ANSWERS💫✔️-The release of hormones such as epinephrine and
norepinephrine in response to stress.
Epinephrine effects - ANSWERS💫✔️-Increases heart contractility, heart rate, bronchodilation,
glycogenolysis, and decreases insulin secretion.
Norepinephrine effects - ANSWERS💫✔️-Causes blood vessel constriction, decreases gastrointestinal
secretion, decreases insulin secretion, and dilates pupils.
Cortisol effects - ANSWERS💫✔️-Increases breakdown of tissues into amino acids, gluconeogenesis, and
mobilizes immune cells while decreasing acute immune response.
Aldosterone effects - ANSWERS💫✔️-Promotes retention of sodium and water, and causes
vasoconstriction.
Endorphins & Enkephalins - ANSWERS💫✔️-Endogenous opioids released due to stress, exercise, or
laughter that can alleviate pain.
What is hydropic swelling? - ANSWERS💫✔️-Hydropic swelling is the accumulation of water in cells due
to malfunction of the Na+/K+ pump, often resulting from decreased ATP levels, leading to cell
enlargement.
What is intracellular accumulation? - ANSWERS💫✔️-Intracellular accumulation refers to the buildup of
substances within cells that can occupy space, provoke immune responses, or cause toxicity, often due
to excessive normal substances, abnormal metabolism, or particles that cannot be broken down.
What is atrophy? - ANSWERS💫✔️-Atrophy is the reduction in cell size and functional capacity, usually
due to decreased energy and nutrient consumption, often caused by disuse, denervation, or ischemia.
WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS @2026!!!
Etiology - ANSWERS💫✔️-The study of the causes or reasons for a disease.
Idiopathic - ANSWERS💫✔️-A condition with an unknown cause.
Iatrogenic - ANSWERS💫✔️-A condition caused by unwanted or unintended medical treatment.
Risk factor - ANSWERS💫✔️-A characteristic or condition that increases the probability of developing a
disease.
Pathogenesis - ANSWERS💫✔️-The development of a disease from the initial stimulus to its full
expression.
Latent period - ANSWERS💫✔️-The time between exposure to an injurious agent and the first signs and
symptoms of a disease.
Incubation period - ANSWERS💫✔️-The time between exposure to a pathogen and the first signs and
symptoms of an infection.
Prodromal period - ANSWERS💫✔️-The time when the first signs and symptoms of a disease appear,
often nonspecific.
Acute phase - ANSWERS💫✔️-The stage of a disease when it reaches full intensity.
Silent period - ANSWERS💫✔️-An interval in a disease when signs and symptoms become mild or may
disappear.
Subclinical stage - ANSWERS💫✔️-A stage where the disease process is established, but the patient may
function normally.
,Sequela - ANSWERS💫✔️-A secondary condition that results from a disease.
Exacerbation - ANSWERS💫✔️-An acute increase in the severity of a disease.
Remission - ANSWERS💫✔️-A decline in the severity of a disease.
Convalescence - ANSWERS💫✔️-The recovery period after a disease.
Epidemiology - ANSWERS💫✔️-The study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations.
Endemic - ANSWERS💫✔️-A disease that is native to a local region.
Epidemic - ANSWERS💫✔️-A disease that affects or spreads to many individuals at the same time.
Pandemic - ANSWERS💫✔️-A disease that affects a large geographic area, often worldwide.
Primary prevention - ANSWERS💫✔️-Strategies aimed at altering susceptibility or decreasing exposure
for susceptible individuals.
Secondary prevention - ANSWERS💫✔️-Early detection and screening for diseases.
Tertiary prevention - ANSWERS💫✔️-Rehabilitative care aimed at decreasing disability and increasing
function.
Homeostasis - ANSWERS💫✔️-The process of maintaining stability in the body's internal environment.
Allostasis - ANSWERS💫✔️-The process of achieving stability through change in response to challenges.
, Stages of General Adaptation - ANSWERS💫✔️-The three stages the body goes through in response to
stress: Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion.
Catecholamine Release - ANSWERS💫✔️-The release of hormones such as epinephrine and
norepinephrine in response to stress.
Epinephrine effects - ANSWERS💫✔️-Increases heart contractility, heart rate, bronchodilation,
glycogenolysis, and decreases insulin secretion.
Norepinephrine effects - ANSWERS💫✔️-Causes blood vessel constriction, decreases gastrointestinal
secretion, decreases insulin secretion, and dilates pupils.
Cortisol effects - ANSWERS💫✔️-Increases breakdown of tissues into amino acids, gluconeogenesis, and
mobilizes immune cells while decreasing acute immune response.
Aldosterone effects - ANSWERS💫✔️-Promotes retention of sodium and water, and causes
vasoconstriction.
Endorphins & Enkephalins - ANSWERS💫✔️-Endogenous opioids released due to stress, exercise, or
laughter that can alleviate pain.
What is hydropic swelling? - ANSWERS💫✔️-Hydropic swelling is the accumulation of water in cells due
to malfunction of the Na+/K+ pump, often resulting from decreased ATP levels, leading to cell
enlargement.
What is intracellular accumulation? - ANSWERS💫✔️-Intracellular accumulation refers to the buildup of
substances within cells that can occupy space, provoke immune responses, or cause toxicity, often due
to excessive normal substances, abnormal metabolism, or particles that cannot be broken down.
What is atrophy? - ANSWERS💫✔️-Atrophy is the reduction in cell size and functional capacity, usually
due to decreased energy and nutrient consumption, often caused by disuse, denervation, or ischemia.
