NSG 3113 Pathophysiology Exam 3 Practice Questions and
Verified Answers Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+
1. Which of the following is/are responsible for increased risk of bone fracture in
chronic kidney failure?
High PTH
Low 1,25(OH)D3
High phosphate
All of the above
2. What is the most likely cause of portal hypertension ?
Splenomegaly
Cirrhosis
congestive heart failure
Dehydration
3. A teenager sustains a closed head injury after an all-terrain vehicle accident
and is in a state of deep sleep that requires vigorous stimulation to elicit eye
opening. How would you document this?
Stupor
Confusion
Obtundation
Coma
4. If a patient presents with obesity and hypertension, what preventive
measures should be discussed to reduce the risk of renal tumors?
, Increased protein intake and reduced hydration.
Lifestyle modifications including weight loss and blood pressure
management.
Regular use of diuretics to manage weight.
Avoiding all forms of exercise to prevent injury.
5. The nurse is reviewing the metabolic panel of an adult client with sepsis. With
which of the following BUN and creatinine lab values does the nurse suspect
acute renal failure?
BUN 18 mg/dL and creatinine 1.1 mg/dL
BUN 42 mg/dL and creatinine 3.4 mg/dL
BUN 38 mg/dL and creatinine 1.2 mg/dL
BUN 9 mg/dL and creatinine 0.8 mg/dL
6. An initial clinical manifestation associated with acute spinal cord injury is..
Bradycardia and hypertension
Pain at the level of injury
Hyperactive spinal reflexes
Loss of voluntary movement below the injury
7. The most common result of urinary stasis is:
incontinence
infection
stone formation
hypertension
, 8. Describe how aging affects kidney function, particularly in relation to
glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Aging is associated with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate
(GFR), which can lead to reduced kidney function.
Aging causes glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to remain the same but
affects other kidney functions.
Aging increases glomerular filtration rate (GFR) due to improved renal
blood flow.
Aging has no effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
9. A patient with a history of lower urinary tract obstruction presents with severe
flank pain and hematuria. What should the nurse prioritize in the assessment?
Evaluate for the presence of renal calculi.
Monitor for increased bladder compliance.
Assess for signs of glomerulonephritis.
Check for urinary incontinence.
10. What condition may result from urinary stasis in older patients?
Increased GFR
Hypocoagulation
Hypertension
Infection
11. Describe the significance of elevated creatinine levels in the context of acute
kidney failure.
Elevated creatinine levels suggest increased hydration status.
Verified Answers Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+
1. Which of the following is/are responsible for increased risk of bone fracture in
chronic kidney failure?
High PTH
Low 1,25(OH)D3
High phosphate
All of the above
2. What is the most likely cause of portal hypertension ?
Splenomegaly
Cirrhosis
congestive heart failure
Dehydration
3. A teenager sustains a closed head injury after an all-terrain vehicle accident
and is in a state of deep sleep that requires vigorous stimulation to elicit eye
opening. How would you document this?
Stupor
Confusion
Obtundation
Coma
4. If a patient presents with obesity and hypertension, what preventive
measures should be discussed to reduce the risk of renal tumors?
, Increased protein intake and reduced hydration.
Lifestyle modifications including weight loss and blood pressure
management.
Regular use of diuretics to manage weight.
Avoiding all forms of exercise to prevent injury.
5. The nurse is reviewing the metabolic panel of an adult client with sepsis. With
which of the following BUN and creatinine lab values does the nurse suspect
acute renal failure?
BUN 18 mg/dL and creatinine 1.1 mg/dL
BUN 42 mg/dL and creatinine 3.4 mg/dL
BUN 38 mg/dL and creatinine 1.2 mg/dL
BUN 9 mg/dL and creatinine 0.8 mg/dL
6. An initial clinical manifestation associated with acute spinal cord injury is..
Bradycardia and hypertension
Pain at the level of injury
Hyperactive spinal reflexes
Loss of voluntary movement below the injury
7. The most common result of urinary stasis is:
incontinence
infection
stone formation
hypertension
, 8. Describe how aging affects kidney function, particularly in relation to
glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Aging is associated with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate
(GFR), which can lead to reduced kidney function.
Aging causes glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to remain the same but
affects other kidney functions.
Aging increases glomerular filtration rate (GFR) due to improved renal
blood flow.
Aging has no effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
9. A patient with a history of lower urinary tract obstruction presents with severe
flank pain and hematuria. What should the nurse prioritize in the assessment?
Evaluate for the presence of renal calculi.
Monitor for increased bladder compliance.
Assess for signs of glomerulonephritis.
Check for urinary incontinence.
10. What condition may result from urinary stasis in older patients?
Increased GFR
Hypocoagulation
Hypertension
Infection
11. Describe the significance of elevated creatinine levels in the context of acute
kidney failure.
Elevated creatinine levels suggest increased hydration status.
