NSCA-CSCS EXAM CHAPTER 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
To what structures do the cross-bridges attach during muscle action? - Correct Answers
-Actin
Which substance regulates muscle actions? - Correct Answers -Calcium
Which substance acts at the neuromuscular junction to excite the muscle fibers of a
motor unit? - Correct Answers -Acetylcholine
Which muscle fiber type is the MOST beneficial for a marathon runner? - Correct
Answers -Type I
When throwing a baseball, an athlete's arm is rapidly stretched just prior to throwing the
ball. Which of the following structures detects and responds to that stretch by reflexively
increasing muscle activity? - Correct Answers -Muscle Spindle
From what is the heart's electrical impulse normally initiated? - Correct Answers -SA
Node
Which of the following occurs during the QRS complex of a typical ECG? - Correct
Answers -repolarization of the atrium and depolarization of the ventricle.
A-Band - Correct Answers -overlapping actin and myosin
acetylcholine - Correct Answers -Arrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal
causes release of a neurotransmitter, ______, which diffuses across the neuromuscular
junction. Once a sufficient amount is released, an action potential is generated across
the sarcolemma, and the (muscle)fiber contracts.
Actin and Myosin - Correct Answers -contractile proteins in muscle
Action potential - Correct Answers -the change in electrical potential associated with the
passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.
All-or-none Principle - Correct Answers -the strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber
responds to a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimulus. If the stimulus
exceeds the threshold potential, the nerve or muscle fiber will give a complete
response; otherwise, there is no response.
, Alveolar Pressure - Correct Answers -the pressure in centimeters of water pressure
(cmH2O) held within the alveoli of the lungs during inspiration. The pressure value is the
difference from atmospheric pressure, which is considered zero when establishing the
value.
Alveoli - Correct Answers -where gases are exchanged in respiration.
Aortic Valve - Correct Answers -prevents backflow from the aorta into the ventricles
during ventricular relaxation (diastole)
Arterial System - Correct Answers -Carries blood away from the heart
Arteriole - Correct Answers -small branches of arteries that act as control vessels
through which blood enters the capillaries.Play a major role in the regulation of blood
flow to the extremeities.
Artery - Correct Answers -Their function is to rapidly transport blood pumped from the
heart.
Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle - Correct Answers -conducts the electrical impulse to the
ventricles
Tetanus - Correct Answers -Twitches begin to merge and eventually completely fuse.
This is the maximal amount of force a motor unit can develop
Trachea - Correct Answers -called the first-generation respiratory passage. This comes
before the bronchi and the bronchioles.
Triad - Correct Answers -The pattern of a T-tubule spaced between and perpendicular
to two sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles
Tricuspid Valve - Correct Answers -prevents the flow of blood from the ventricles back
into the atria on the right side of the heart during ventricular contraction or systole.
Atrioventricular (AV) Node - Correct Answers -electrical impulses coming from the SA
node are delayed slightly here before passing into the ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves - Correct Answers -consists of the tricuspid and mitral valve
and prevent the flow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria during ventricular
contraction (systole).
Atrium - Correct Answers -there are two of these, a right and a left. Their function is to
deliver blood to another chamber of the heart.
Bone Periosteum - Correct Answers -a specialized connective tissue covering all bones.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
To what structures do the cross-bridges attach during muscle action? - Correct Answers
-Actin
Which substance regulates muscle actions? - Correct Answers -Calcium
Which substance acts at the neuromuscular junction to excite the muscle fibers of a
motor unit? - Correct Answers -Acetylcholine
Which muscle fiber type is the MOST beneficial for a marathon runner? - Correct
Answers -Type I
When throwing a baseball, an athlete's arm is rapidly stretched just prior to throwing the
ball. Which of the following structures detects and responds to that stretch by reflexively
increasing muscle activity? - Correct Answers -Muscle Spindle
From what is the heart's electrical impulse normally initiated? - Correct Answers -SA
Node
Which of the following occurs during the QRS complex of a typical ECG? - Correct
Answers -repolarization of the atrium and depolarization of the ventricle.
A-Band - Correct Answers -overlapping actin and myosin
acetylcholine - Correct Answers -Arrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal
causes release of a neurotransmitter, ______, which diffuses across the neuromuscular
junction. Once a sufficient amount is released, an action potential is generated across
the sarcolemma, and the (muscle)fiber contracts.
Actin and Myosin - Correct Answers -contractile proteins in muscle
Action potential - Correct Answers -the change in electrical potential associated with the
passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.
All-or-none Principle - Correct Answers -the strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber
responds to a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimulus. If the stimulus
exceeds the threshold potential, the nerve or muscle fiber will give a complete
response; otherwise, there is no response.
, Alveolar Pressure - Correct Answers -the pressure in centimeters of water pressure
(cmH2O) held within the alveoli of the lungs during inspiration. The pressure value is the
difference from atmospheric pressure, which is considered zero when establishing the
value.
Alveoli - Correct Answers -where gases are exchanged in respiration.
Aortic Valve - Correct Answers -prevents backflow from the aorta into the ventricles
during ventricular relaxation (diastole)
Arterial System - Correct Answers -Carries blood away from the heart
Arteriole - Correct Answers -small branches of arteries that act as control vessels
through which blood enters the capillaries.Play a major role in the regulation of blood
flow to the extremeities.
Artery - Correct Answers -Their function is to rapidly transport blood pumped from the
heart.
Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle - Correct Answers -conducts the electrical impulse to the
ventricles
Tetanus - Correct Answers -Twitches begin to merge and eventually completely fuse.
This is the maximal amount of force a motor unit can develop
Trachea - Correct Answers -called the first-generation respiratory passage. This comes
before the bronchi and the bronchioles.
Triad - Correct Answers -The pattern of a T-tubule spaced between and perpendicular
to two sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles
Tricuspid Valve - Correct Answers -prevents the flow of blood from the ventricles back
into the atria on the right side of the heart during ventricular contraction or systole.
Atrioventricular (AV) Node - Correct Answers -electrical impulses coming from the SA
node are delayed slightly here before passing into the ventricles
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves - Correct Answers -consists of the tricuspid and mitral valve
and prevent the flow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria during ventricular
contraction (systole).
Atrium - Correct Answers -there are two of these, a right and a left. Their function is to
deliver blood to another chamber of the heart.
Bone Periosteum - Correct Answers -a specialized connective tissue covering all bones.
