BIOS 255 / BIOS255 Anatomy and Physiology III Exam 1
Practice Test Actual 2024/2025 with Detailed
Rationales | 100% Verified | Pass Guaranteed – A+
Graded
SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (14 Questions)
Q1: Which endocrine gland is often called the "master gland" because it secretes
hormones that regulate other endocrine glands?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pituitary gland [CORRECT]
D. Pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the anterior pituitary secretes tropic hormones (TSH,
ACTH, FSH, LH) that stimulate other endocrine glands, earning it the designation
"master gland" of the endocrine system.
Q2: A patient has low thyroxine (T4) levels but elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH). The problem is most likely located in the:
A. Anterior pituitary
B. Thyroid gland [CORRECT]
C. Hypothalamus
,D. Posterior pituitary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because elevated TSH with low T4 indicates primary
hypothyroidism; the thyroid gland itself is unable to respond to normal TSH
stimulation, causing the pituitary to compensate by increasing TSH secretion.
Q3: Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary but synthesized in the
hypothalamus?
A. Growth hormone (GH)
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [CORRECT]
C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because ADH and oxytocin are synthesized by hypothalamic
neurons, transported down axons through the infundibulum, and stored in the
posterior pituitary for release into the bloodstream.
Q4: A patient with hyperparathyroidism has elevated serum calcium. Which hormone
is responsible for this finding?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
C. Aldosterone
D. Cortisol
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast
activity, enhancing renal calcium reabsorption, and promoting intestinal calcium
absorption via vitamin D activation.
Q5: The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex primarily secretes:
A. Aldosterone
B. Cortisol [CORRECT]
C. Epinephrine
D. Androgens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because the zona fasciculata is the middle layer of the adrenal
cortex and is responsible for producing glucocorticoids, primarily cortisol, in
response to ACTH stimulation.
Q6: A patient with Addison disease has low blood pressure, hyperkalemia, and
hyponatremia. Which hormone deficiency is responsible for the electrolyte
abnormalities?
A. Cortisol deficiency only
B. Aldosterone deficiency [CORRECT]
C. Epinephrine deficiency
D. Insulin deficiency
Correct Answer: B
Practice Test Actual 2024/2025 with Detailed
Rationales | 100% Verified | Pass Guaranteed – A+
Graded
SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (14 Questions)
Q1: Which endocrine gland is often called the "master gland" because it secretes
hormones that regulate other endocrine glands?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pituitary gland [CORRECT]
D. Pineal gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the anterior pituitary secretes tropic hormones (TSH,
ACTH, FSH, LH) that stimulate other endocrine glands, earning it the designation
"master gland" of the endocrine system.
Q2: A patient has low thyroxine (T4) levels but elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH). The problem is most likely located in the:
A. Anterior pituitary
B. Thyroid gland [CORRECT]
C. Hypothalamus
,D. Posterior pituitary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because elevated TSH with low T4 indicates primary
hypothyroidism; the thyroid gland itself is unable to respond to normal TSH
stimulation, causing the pituitary to compensate by increasing TSH secretion.
Q3: Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary but synthesized in the
hypothalamus?
A. Growth hormone (GH)
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [CORRECT]
C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because ADH and oxytocin are synthesized by hypothalamic
neurons, transported down axons through the infundibulum, and stored in the
posterior pituitary for release into the bloodstream.
Q4: A patient with hyperparathyroidism has elevated serum calcium. Which hormone
is responsible for this finding?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
C. Aldosterone
D. Cortisol
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast
activity, enhancing renal calcium reabsorption, and promoting intestinal calcium
absorption via vitamin D activation.
Q5: The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex primarily secretes:
A. Aldosterone
B. Cortisol [CORRECT]
C. Epinephrine
D. Androgens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because the zona fasciculata is the middle layer of the adrenal
cortex and is responsible for producing glucocorticoids, primarily cortisol, in
response to ACTH stimulation.
Q6: A patient with Addison disease has low blood pressure, hyperkalemia, and
hyponatremia. Which hormone deficiency is responsible for the electrolyte
abnormalities?
A. Cortisol deficiency only
B. Aldosterone deficiency [CORRECT]
C. Epinephrine deficiency
D. Insulin deficiency
Correct Answer: B
