NUR 378 MODULE 1: PRINCIPLES OF
PHARMACOLOGY
What-are-the-3-characteristics-of-a-drug-and-which-is-most-important?---ans-
✔✔Effectiveness,-safety-(least-amount-of-harm),-and-selectivity-(acts-specific-to-site-and-
receptors)
Effectiveness-is-the-most-important.
Why-is-it-important-for-antimicrobial-testing-prior-to-starting-an-antibiotic?---ans-✔✔To-
help-figure-out-what-the-best-antibiotic-is-to-treat-the-infection,-especially-when-having-to-
treat-antibiotic-resistant-infections
*Want-to-make-sure-the-drug-will-kill-the-bug
What-is-meant-by-onset-of-action,-peak,-trough,-and-duration?---ans-✔✔Onset-of-action--
amount-of-time-it-takes-for-the-drug-to-show-a-therapeutic-response
Peak-drug-is-at-the-highest-level-in-the-body
Trough--drug-is-at-the-lowest-level-in-the-body
Duration--length-of-time-the-therapeutic-actions-last
What-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-medications?---ans-✔✔Advantages:-
Medications-can-help-to-cure-illnesses/diseases-and-provide-therapeutic-effects,-alleviate-
pain,-cure-infection
Disadvantage:-cause-severe-adverse-effects-worse,-drug-interactions,-dependent,-
tolerance
How-are-drugs-classified?---ans-✔✔Acts-on-specific-body-systems
*Mechanism-of-action-within-the-body
List-considerations-for-selecting-medications.---ans-✔✔*allergies,-previous-adverse-drug-
reaction,-reversible-action,-predictability,-ease-of-administration,-lack-of-interaction,-cost,-
chemical-stability
Why-is-it-important-to-teach-patients-the-generic-name-of-their-medication?---ans-
✔✔There-can-be-multiple-brand-names-for-medications-that-can-cause-confusion,-brand-
names-can-have-different-uses-in-different-countries
What-is-the-most-reliable-drug-testing-trial?---ans-✔✔Randomized-controlled-trials-
because-they-have-the-use-of-controls,-randomization,-and-blinding-so-that-there-is-less-
of-a-risk-of-personal-bias-influencing-the-results.
, How-can-nonpharmacologic-treatments-affect-pharmacologic-treatments?---ans-✔✔They-
can-help-to-promote-and-assist-the-pharmacologic-treatments-by-enhancing-the-effects.
*example:-Repositioning,-physical-therapy...hopefully-you-need-less-medication
How-does-medication-compliance-affect-therapeutic-effects-of-medications?---ans-
✔✔Reduced-therapeutic-effects-if-forgotten
Toxicity:-double-dose-because-forget-to-take-one-earlier
Relate-the-six-steps-of-the-nursing-process/clinical-judgment-to-the-administration-of-
medications.---ans-✔✔1.-Assessment-=-baseline-data-to-tailor-the-drug-therapy-to-the-
individual.-Collect-and-analyze-data.-Capacity-for-self-care.-Recognizing-cues.
2.-Analysis-or-Nursing-Diagnosis-=-is-it-appropriate?-Identify-any-problems.-Signs,-
symptoms..
3.-Outcome-4.-Evaluation-=-is-it-appropriate-to-move-forward-with-the-regimen?
Planning-=-goals,-priorities,-interventions,-criteria-for-success-5.-Implementation-=-
administration,-patient-education,-interventions,-increase-therapeutic-effects,-decrease-
adverse-effects.-Take-action.
6.-Evaluation-=-responses,-any-adverse-reactions,-med-compliance,-patient-satisfaction
What-are-the-nurse's-responsibilities-before-administering-any-medication?---ans-
✔✔*First-step-Medication-reconciliation-and-assessment-of-patients!
6-rights
person
Right-medication
Right-dose
Right-time
Right-route
Right-documentation
Patient-teaching
Drug-interactions
Written-by-professional
What-makes-up-a-complete-medication-order?---ans-✔✔1.-Patient's-full-name
2.-Date-and-time-of-prescription
3.-Medication-name
4.-Strength-and-dosage-of-med
5.-Route-of-admin
6.-Time-and-frequency-of-admin
7.-Qty-to-dispense-and-number-of-refills
8.-Signature-of-prescribing-provider
Define-"Off-Label"-medication-use.---ans-✔✔An-unapproved-use-of-an-approved-drug-
outlined-by-FDA.-(Created-for-one-reason,-used-for-another)
PHARMACOLOGY
What-are-the-3-characteristics-of-a-drug-and-which-is-most-important?---ans-
✔✔Effectiveness,-safety-(least-amount-of-harm),-and-selectivity-(acts-specific-to-site-and-
receptors)
Effectiveness-is-the-most-important.
Why-is-it-important-for-antimicrobial-testing-prior-to-starting-an-antibiotic?---ans-✔✔To-
help-figure-out-what-the-best-antibiotic-is-to-treat-the-infection,-especially-when-having-to-
treat-antibiotic-resistant-infections
*Want-to-make-sure-the-drug-will-kill-the-bug
What-is-meant-by-onset-of-action,-peak,-trough,-and-duration?---ans-✔✔Onset-of-action--
amount-of-time-it-takes-for-the-drug-to-show-a-therapeutic-response
Peak-drug-is-at-the-highest-level-in-the-body
Trough--drug-is-at-the-lowest-level-in-the-body
Duration--length-of-time-the-therapeutic-actions-last
What-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-medications?---ans-✔✔Advantages:-
Medications-can-help-to-cure-illnesses/diseases-and-provide-therapeutic-effects,-alleviate-
pain,-cure-infection
Disadvantage:-cause-severe-adverse-effects-worse,-drug-interactions,-dependent,-
tolerance
How-are-drugs-classified?---ans-✔✔Acts-on-specific-body-systems
*Mechanism-of-action-within-the-body
List-considerations-for-selecting-medications.---ans-✔✔*allergies,-previous-adverse-drug-
reaction,-reversible-action,-predictability,-ease-of-administration,-lack-of-interaction,-cost,-
chemical-stability
Why-is-it-important-to-teach-patients-the-generic-name-of-their-medication?---ans-
✔✔There-can-be-multiple-brand-names-for-medications-that-can-cause-confusion,-brand-
names-can-have-different-uses-in-different-countries
What-is-the-most-reliable-drug-testing-trial?---ans-✔✔Randomized-controlled-trials-
because-they-have-the-use-of-controls,-randomization,-and-blinding-so-that-there-is-less-
of-a-risk-of-personal-bias-influencing-the-results.
, How-can-nonpharmacologic-treatments-affect-pharmacologic-treatments?---ans-✔✔They-
can-help-to-promote-and-assist-the-pharmacologic-treatments-by-enhancing-the-effects.
*example:-Repositioning,-physical-therapy...hopefully-you-need-less-medication
How-does-medication-compliance-affect-therapeutic-effects-of-medications?---ans-
✔✔Reduced-therapeutic-effects-if-forgotten
Toxicity:-double-dose-because-forget-to-take-one-earlier
Relate-the-six-steps-of-the-nursing-process/clinical-judgment-to-the-administration-of-
medications.---ans-✔✔1.-Assessment-=-baseline-data-to-tailor-the-drug-therapy-to-the-
individual.-Collect-and-analyze-data.-Capacity-for-self-care.-Recognizing-cues.
2.-Analysis-or-Nursing-Diagnosis-=-is-it-appropriate?-Identify-any-problems.-Signs,-
symptoms..
3.-Outcome-4.-Evaluation-=-is-it-appropriate-to-move-forward-with-the-regimen?
Planning-=-goals,-priorities,-interventions,-criteria-for-success-5.-Implementation-=-
administration,-patient-education,-interventions,-increase-therapeutic-effects,-decrease-
adverse-effects.-Take-action.
6.-Evaluation-=-responses,-any-adverse-reactions,-med-compliance,-patient-satisfaction
What-are-the-nurse's-responsibilities-before-administering-any-medication?---ans-
✔✔*First-step-Medication-reconciliation-and-assessment-of-patients!
6-rights
person
Right-medication
Right-dose
Right-time
Right-route
Right-documentation
Patient-teaching
Drug-interactions
Written-by-professional
What-makes-up-a-complete-medication-order?---ans-✔✔1.-Patient's-full-name
2.-Date-and-time-of-prescription
3.-Medication-name
4.-Strength-and-dosage-of-med
5.-Route-of-admin
6.-Time-and-frequency-of-admin
7.-Qty-to-dispense-and-number-of-refills
8.-Signature-of-prescribing-provider
Define-"Off-Label"-medication-use.---ans-✔✔An-unapproved-use-of-an-approved-drug-
outlined-by-FDA.-(Created-for-one-reason,-used-for-another)
