NUR1460 Exam 2, MOD 3&4 Questions
and Answers 2026 Updated.
Perfusion is? - Answer A normal physiologic process that requires the heart to generate
sufficient cardiac output to transport blood through patent blood vessels for distribution
through out the tissue
To assess peripheral vascular system check? - Answer Pulse points
Hypoxmia is? - Answer Low levels of oxygen in the blood
What is the physiological response of hypoxmia is? - Answer Increased heart rate
Hypoxia is? - Answer Decreased tissue oxygenation
Hypoxia leads to? - Answer Ischemia, can result in tissue necrosis
Pulmonary ventilation is? - Answer Breathing
What is the objective data for good ventilation? - Answer O2 SAT 95-100%
Cap refill brisk
Breathing without obvious effort
Dyspnea is? - Answer Difficult or labored breathing, shortness of breath
Dyspnea can cause? - Answer Confusion and altered LOC
Sudden onset of dyspnea should be treated with oxygen when? - Answer Immediately
What is the primary respiratory control center? - Answer The medulla oblongata
What are the RBC for men and women? - Answer Men is 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter
Women is 4.2 to 5.4 million mcL
,What are the hemoglobin levels for men and women? - Answer Men is 13.5 to 17.5 grams
per deciliter
Women is 12.0 to 15.5 grams per deciliter
ABG's pH level? - Answer 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 normal range? - Answer 35-45
HCO3 normal range? - Answer 22-26
COPD is? - Answer Group of disorders characterized by impaired airflow in the lungs
Emphysema is? - Answer An abnormal accumulation of air due to enlargement and
destruction of the lungs many tiny air sacs, resulting in the formation of scar tissue
Emphysema results in? - Answer Uncoordinated breathing pattern, loss of lung elasticity,
hyperinflation of lung, dyspnea and air trapping
Chronic bronchitis is? - Answer Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles which impairs
airflow and gas exchange because mucus plugs and infection narrows the airways
Chronic bronchitis results in? - Answer Decrease level of O2, leading to
Hypoxemia/respiratory acidosis
COPD Manifestations? - Answer Hypoxia/Hypoxemia
Barrel-chest
Increased dyspnea, fatigue
Hepatomegaly
Cyanotic hands, feet, and clubbing fingers
Cyanotic lips, distended neck veins
Use of accessory muscles to breath and sitting in tri-pod position
Interventions for COPD? - Answer Maintain adequate hydration
Humidified oxygen per nasal cannula 2-6 L/min
Pursed lip breathing
Vibrating positive expiratory pressure devices
, Nutritional considerations for COPD? - Answer Ensure rest before eating
Avoid intake of fluids during meals
Prevention of malnutrition
Reduce gas-producing food
Smaller more frequent meals
Medications for COPD? - Answer Fluticason/salmeterol-Steroid (long acting beta agonists)
Albuterol Sulfate-Bronchodilator (Beta 2 agonist
Asthma is? - Answer Intermittent and reversible airflow obstruction affecting airways only,
not alveoli
Causes of asthma? - Answer Allergens, general irritants, microorganisms, asprin,
hyperresponsiveness, URI, Unknown reasons
Clinical manifestations of asthma? - Answer Wheezing, increased RR, increased cough, use of
accessory muscles, barrel chest, long breathing cycles, cyanosis, hypoxemia, TACHYCARDIA
Medications for asthma? - Answer Bronchodilators
Anti-inflammatory agents
The most frequent cause of hospitialization in children younger than 1 is? - Answer RSV
Pneumonia is? - Answer Excess fluid in the lungs from an inflammatory process (reduces gas
exchange)
Empyema is? - Answer Collection of pus in the pleural cavity
Priority of care for pneumonia? - Answer Airway maintenance
Oxygenation
Antibiotics
Hydration
Medications to treat pneumonia? - Answer Prendisone (anti-inflammatory)
Furosemide (loop diuretic)
and Answers 2026 Updated.
Perfusion is? - Answer A normal physiologic process that requires the heart to generate
sufficient cardiac output to transport blood through patent blood vessels for distribution
through out the tissue
To assess peripheral vascular system check? - Answer Pulse points
Hypoxmia is? - Answer Low levels of oxygen in the blood
What is the physiological response of hypoxmia is? - Answer Increased heart rate
Hypoxia is? - Answer Decreased tissue oxygenation
Hypoxia leads to? - Answer Ischemia, can result in tissue necrosis
Pulmonary ventilation is? - Answer Breathing
What is the objective data for good ventilation? - Answer O2 SAT 95-100%
Cap refill brisk
Breathing without obvious effort
Dyspnea is? - Answer Difficult or labored breathing, shortness of breath
Dyspnea can cause? - Answer Confusion and altered LOC
Sudden onset of dyspnea should be treated with oxygen when? - Answer Immediately
What is the primary respiratory control center? - Answer The medulla oblongata
What are the RBC for men and women? - Answer Men is 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter
Women is 4.2 to 5.4 million mcL
,What are the hemoglobin levels for men and women? - Answer Men is 13.5 to 17.5 grams
per deciliter
Women is 12.0 to 15.5 grams per deciliter
ABG's pH level? - Answer 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 normal range? - Answer 35-45
HCO3 normal range? - Answer 22-26
COPD is? - Answer Group of disorders characterized by impaired airflow in the lungs
Emphysema is? - Answer An abnormal accumulation of air due to enlargement and
destruction of the lungs many tiny air sacs, resulting in the formation of scar tissue
Emphysema results in? - Answer Uncoordinated breathing pattern, loss of lung elasticity,
hyperinflation of lung, dyspnea and air trapping
Chronic bronchitis is? - Answer Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles which impairs
airflow and gas exchange because mucus plugs and infection narrows the airways
Chronic bronchitis results in? - Answer Decrease level of O2, leading to
Hypoxemia/respiratory acidosis
COPD Manifestations? - Answer Hypoxia/Hypoxemia
Barrel-chest
Increased dyspnea, fatigue
Hepatomegaly
Cyanotic hands, feet, and clubbing fingers
Cyanotic lips, distended neck veins
Use of accessory muscles to breath and sitting in tri-pod position
Interventions for COPD? - Answer Maintain adequate hydration
Humidified oxygen per nasal cannula 2-6 L/min
Pursed lip breathing
Vibrating positive expiratory pressure devices
, Nutritional considerations for COPD? - Answer Ensure rest before eating
Avoid intake of fluids during meals
Prevention of malnutrition
Reduce gas-producing food
Smaller more frequent meals
Medications for COPD? - Answer Fluticason/salmeterol-Steroid (long acting beta agonists)
Albuterol Sulfate-Bronchodilator (Beta 2 agonist
Asthma is? - Answer Intermittent and reversible airflow obstruction affecting airways only,
not alveoli
Causes of asthma? - Answer Allergens, general irritants, microorganisms, asprin,
hyperresponsiveness, URI, Unknown reasons
Clinical manifestations of asthma? - Answer Wheezing, increased RR, increased cough, use of
accessory muscles, barrel chest, long breathing cycles, cyanosis, hypoxemia, TACHYCARDIA
Medications for asthma? - Answer Bronchodilators
Anti-inflammatory agents
The most frequent cause of hospitialization in children younger than 1 is? - Answer RSV
Pneumonia is? - Answer Excess fluid in the lungs from an inflammatory process (reduces gas
exchange)
Empyema is? - Answer Collection of pus in the pleural cavity
Priority of care for pneumonia? - Answer Airway maintenance
Oxygenation
Antibiotics
Hydration
Medications to treat pneumonia? - Answer Prendisone (anti-inflammatory)
Furosemide (loop diuretic)
