BSC 2023 Exam 2 Final Test Questions
with Solved Solutions 2026 Set.
nervous system - Answer organ system consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and associated
nerves that coordinates the other organ systems of the body
central nervous system - Answer division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and
spinal cord; sensory information is received and motor control is initiated
peripheral nervous system - Answer division of the nervous system that consists of nerves
throughout the body
somatic nervous system - Answer division of the peripheral nervous system that consists of
nerves that serve the skin, skeletal muscle, and tendons
autonomic nervous system - Answer division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates
activity of cardiac and smooth muscles, organs, and glands; involuntary control (heart beating,
digestion); the body's "autopilot"
sympathetic nervous system - Answer division of the autonomic nervous system that
promotes activities associated with emergency (fight or flight); E division
parasympathetic nervous system - Answer division of the autonomic nervous system that is
active under normal conditions (rest and digest); D division
1. Receive sensory input
2. CNS performs information processing and integration
3. CNS generates appropriate motor response - Answer What are the three main functions of
the nervous system?
neurons and neuroglia - Answer What are the two types of cells in nervous tissue?
neurons - Answer nerve cells that transmit impulses between parts of nervous system;
contains 3 parts (cell body, dendrites, axon); there are 3 types
sensory neuron - Answer neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory
receptors to the brain and spinal cord; PNS --> CNS
, interneuron - Answer neurons entirely within CNS (brain and spinal cord)
motor neuron - Answer a neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle or gland, causing the
muscle or gland to react; CNS --> PNS --> effector (muscle fiber, organ, gland)
neuroglia - Answer nonconductory nerve cells that support neurons
nerve signals - Answer action potentials traveling along a neuron (axon); convey information
action potential - Answer a brief change in electrical conditions at a neuron's membrane
(domino analogy)
refractory period - Answer portion of axon immediately following the action potential which
is unable to conduct an action potential (setting up the dominoes again); ensures one-way
direction of a signal (cell body --> axon)
membrane potential - Answer difference in electrical charge between two sides of a
membrane
resting membrane potential - Answer polarized plasma membrane (-70 mV); net number of
positively charged ions outside (Na+); negatively charged ions inside cell
sodium-potassium pump - Answer membrane protein; uses ATP to pump 3 Na+ out and 2 K+
in the cell
1. Sodium gates open (-40 mV) resulting in depolarization
2. Potassium gates open (+30 mV) resulting in repolarization
3. Sodium-potassium pump restores original ionic distribution - Answer What happens during
an action potential?
stimulus - Answer activates neuron and begins action potential if threshold is met (-40 mV)
1. voltage gated
2. ligand gated
3. mechanically regulated - Answer What are the three types of active protein channels?
voltage gated - Answer opens and closes in response to voltage changes across membrane
with Solved Solutions 2026 Set.
nervous system - Answer organ system consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and associated
nerves that coordinates the other organ systems of the body
central nervous system - Answer division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and
spinal cord; sensory information is received and motor control is initiated
peripheral nervous system - Answer division of the nervous system that consists of nerves
throughout the body
somatic nervous system - Answer division of the peripheral nervous system that consists of
nerves that serve the skin, skeletal muscle, and tendons
autonomic nervous system - Answer division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates
activity of cardiac and smooth muscles, organs, and glands; involuntary control (heart beating,
digestion); the body's "autopilot"
sympathetic nervous system - Answer division of the autonomic nervous system that
promotes activities associated with emergency (fight or flight); E division
parasympathetic nervous system - Answer division of the autonomic nervous system that is
active under normal conditions (rest and digest); D division
1. Receive sensory input
2. CNS performs information processing and integration
3. CNS generates appropriate motor response - Answer What are the three main functions of
the nervous system?
neurons and neuroglia - Answer What are the two types of cells in nervous tissue?
neurons - Answer nerve cells that transmit impulses between parts of nervous system;
contains 3 parts (cell body, dendrites, axon); there are 3 types
sensory neuron - Answer neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory
receptors to the brain and spinal cord; PNS --> CNS
, interneuron - Answer neurons entirely within CNS (brain and spinal cord)
motor neuron - Answer a neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle or gland, causing the
muscle or gland to react; CNS --> PNS --> effector (muscle fiber, organ, gland)
neuroglia - Answer nonconductory nerve cells that support neurons
nerve signals - Answer action potentials traveling along a neuron (axon); convey information
action potential - Answer a brief change in electrical conditions at a neuron's membrane
(domino analogy)
refractory period - Answer portion of axon immediately following the action potential which
is unable to conduct an action potential (setting up the dominoes again); ensures one-way
direction of a signal (cell body --> axon)
membrane potential - Answer difference in electrical charge between two sides of a
membrane
resting membrane potential - Answer polarized plasma membrane (-70 mV); net number of
positively charged ions outside (Na+); negatively charged ions inside cell
sodium-potassium pump - Answer membrane protein; uses ATP to pump 3 Na+ out and 2 K+
in the cell
1. Sodium gates open (-40 mV) resulting in depolarization
2. Potassium gates open (+30 mV) resulting in repolarization
3. Sodium-potassium pump restores original ionic distribution - Answer What happens during
an action potential?
stimulus - Answer activates neuron and begins action potential if threshold is met (-40 mV)
1. voltage gated
2. ligand gated
3. mechanically regulated - Answer What are the three types of active protein channels?
voltage gated - Answer opens and closes in response to voltage changes across membrane
