POLICE POWERS OF ARREST GRADED
APLUS QUESTION COLLECTION WITH
DETAILED SOLUTION COVERAGE
●● Private Police (Security)
Answer: Paid by private companies, NOT taxpayers, and can prevent
and investigate incidents only on their property.
●● Jurisdiction of RCMP
Answer: Federal buildings, airports, some small-town contract policing.
●● Jurisdiction of OPP
Answer: Highways, rural/small town contract areas in Ontario.
●● Jurisdiction of Municipal Police
Answer: Everything else within boundaries.
●● Peace Officers
Answer: Includes police officers, mayors, wardens, sheriffs, corrections,
CBSA, pilots in flight, armed forces (in specific cases), and bailiffs.
●● Citizens
, Answer: Includes security guards, bouncers, loss prevention, PIs,
corporate investigators, and ALL other people.
●● Reasonable Grounds (RG)
Answer: A set of facts and circumstances that would cause a person of
ordinary and prudent judgment to believe, beyond a mere suspicion, that
an offence has been committed.
●● Required Parts of Reasonable Grounds
Answer: A set of facts and circumstances, ordinary prudent person (the
trial judge), beyond a mere suspicion (must have EVIDENCE).
●● Types of Evidence
Answer: People evidence (observations, witness statements) and thing
evidence (physical items, fingerprints, DNA, blood, weapons).
●● Ways to have Reasonable Grounds
Answer: Confession to anyone, 1 credible eyewitness who saw ALL
facts in issue, circumstantial evidence such as positive fingerprint match
or positive DNA match.
●● Mere Suspicion
Answer: Rumours, gossip, 'gut feelings' with no evidence; NOT enough
to arrest.
APLUS QUESTION COLLECTION WITH
DETAILED SOLUTION COVERAGE
●● Private Police (Security)
Answer: Paid by private companies, NOT taxpayers, and can prevent
and investigate incidents only on their property.
●● Jurisdiction of RCMP
Answer: Federal buildings, airports, some small-town contract policing.
●● Jurisdiction of OPP
Answer: Highways, rural/small town contract areas in Ontario.
●● Jurisdiction of Municipal Police
Answer: Everything else within boundaries.
●● Peace Officers
Answer: Includes police officers, mayors, wardens, sheriffs, corrections,
CBSA, pilots in flight, armed forces (in specific cases), and bailiffs.
●● Citizens
, Answer: Includes security guards, bouncers, loss prevention, PIs,
corporate investigators, and ALL other people.
●● Reasonable Grounds (RG)
Answer: A set of facts and circumstances that would cause a person of
ordinary and prudent judgment to believe, beyond a mere suspicion, that
an offence has been committed.
●● Required Parts of Reasonable Grounds
Answer: A set of facts and circumstances, ordinary prudent person (the
trial judge), beyond a mere suspicion (must have EVIDENCE).
●● Types of Evidence
Answer: People evidence (observations, witness statements) and thing
evidence (physical items, fingerprints, DNA, blood, weapons).
●● Ways to have Reasonable Grounds
Answer: Confession to anyone, 1 credible eyewitness who saw ALL
facts in issue, circumstantial evidence such as positive fingerprint match
or positive DNA match.
●● Mere Suspicion
Answer: Rumours, gossip, 'gut feelings' with no evidence; NOT enough
to arrest.
