Phlebotomy NHA Vocabulary Questions and Answers

Phlebotomy NHA Vocabulary Questions and Answers Amniotic fluid Liquid that surrounds a fetus inside the sac in the uterus Anaerobic blood culture bottle Type of blood culture bottle used to collect specimens to test for microbes that thrive in an airless environment. Antecubital fossa the are of the arm at the inner side or bend of the elbow; antecubital space Antecubital space In front of the elbow (from ante meaning before, and cubitum meaning elbow) Antibiotic A medication that kills bacteria and thus treats bacterial infections Antibody type of protein the immune system produces to neutralize a threat of some kind Antigen Any substance capable of inducing a specific immune response and triggering the production of an antibody specific to that substance Antiplatelet A medication that helps delay blood clotting. This medication differs from an anticoagulant because it affects arterials as well as venous blood Apheresis Removal of blood plasma from a patients body without withdrawing the blood itself. The process separates the blood into plasma and cells, returning the cells to the patient's blood. AKA Power Red. Assault The crime of trying or threading to hurt someone physically Autologous transfusion When a patient donates blood to be used for their own needs for future use Bacterium A single-cell micro-organism that reproduces rapidly and causes many infections. Basal state condition of rest and fasting, usually for at least 12 hours and typically in the morning upon waking Basilic vein Vein that runs medially and is located in the upper arm and forearm. Last choice for venipuncture because of proximity to nerves and arteries. Battery Inventional touching or using force in a harmful manner, without the persons consent. Bevel Sharpened and slanted cut edge of a needle designed to ease in the process of puncturing tissue Bilirubin Yellow or orange product of the breakdown of hemoglobin Biologic hazard AKA biohazard; any biological risk to organisms Biotindase Deficiency Deficiency of the enzyme that breaks down biotin Blood alcohol content (BAC) The concentration of alcohol in a person's bloodstream Blood bank A place where blood is collected from donors, typed, separated into components, stored, and prepared for transfusion to recipients; a blood bank may be a separate free-standing facility, pr part of a larger laboratory in a hospital Blood culture A laboratory test used to check for bacteria or other micro-organisms in a blood sample Blood doping Injection of blood cells or blood substitutes to increase athletic endurance by boosting the bloodstream's oxygen-carrying capacity Blood smear A blood test procedure performed on microscopic slides that gives information about the number and shape of blood cells. Bloodborne pathogen standard An OSHA-mandated set of requirements concerning protection against pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted via human blood and cause disease in humans Bone marrow A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood-forming cells Capillary puncture AKA a dermal puncture or finger stick, used to collect small samples of blood composed of capillary, venous or arterial blood Carbon dioxide An odorless, colorless gas that forms in the tissue and is eliminated by the lungs Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) A basic emergency procedure in cases of cardiopulmonary arrest to re-establish effective circulation and ventilation Cardiovascular system The organs and structures of the heart and blood vessels that transport nutrients, water, hormones, gasses, and other substances throughout the body. Centrifuge A device that spins laboratory specimens at high speeds to separate the samples into their components for testing purposes. Cephalic Vein Vein that runs along the lateral side of the antecubital region. The second choice for venipuncture and can result in slight pain for the patient due to the location. Cerbrospinal fluid liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord Chain of custody The chronological documentation (Paper Trail) showing the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of specimens that provide evidence Chemical reagent strip testing a method of urinalysis involving the use of plastic strips with pads containing a substance that causes a specific chemical reaction. Chemotaxis The release of chemical substances Chlorhexidine gluconate an antiseptic antibacterial agent used to help cleanse the patient's skin for blood collection Clean Catch midstream A urine specimen that is collected in the middle of the urinary stream in a sterile container after perineal cleaning CLIA-waived Tests of the least complexity to perform and with a low risk of error Coagulation The process by with a clot forms in the blood Control material Sample specimens with known laboratory values, used to prior to processing a patient's sample. Critical value A laboratory test result outside of the expected reference range that can be life-threatening. Culture and sensitivity (C&S) A laboratory test that goes micro-organisms from body specimens on a specific medium to help identify the organisms causing disease and the medications that will kill them. Cystic fibrosis Mucous secretions that accumulate in various organs Dermal puncture a procedure that involves puncturing the finger or heel with a lancet device to obtain a small quantity of blood for testing. Also referred to as skin puncture or capillary collection Diffusion The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Dilate expand or widen Diluent A solution (such as water or saline) that reduces the concentration of a specimen Disinfectant A substance that helps remove harmful micro-organisms from surfaces Dorsal Toward the back of the body Edema An excessive buildup of fluid in body tissue Electrolyte A chemical substance that develops an electrical charge and can conduct an electrical current when placed in water Empathy Sensitivity to an identification with another person's problems, without expressing sorrow or sympathy Ergonomics The design and arrangement of objects so that people interact with them mostly efficiently and safely Erythema Redness Erythorpoietin A medication for patients who have a chemotherapy to treat cancer; also used illicitly by some athletes to boost production of red blood cells and thus increase endurance Ethylenediamineteraacetic acid An additive in collection tubes used as an anticoagulant to keep blood specimens from clotting Excrete Elimination Exposure control plan An OSHA- compliant plan that explains ways to minimize or eliminate exposure of humans to blood borne pathogens Fasting Not eating or drinking anything except water for a period of time, often 8-12 hrs Fecal test A collection of stool or feces to test for the presence of parasites, blood, or an infection Fibrogen A strong insoluble protein the body produces in response to bleeding to help with clotting Filtration A process that separates substances by forcing them through a membrane formite Any nonliving object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms. Forensic specimens Samples of legal value in a civil or criminal case Fungus A micro-organism that grows on or in animals, plants, humans, and food, including yeasts and molds Galactosemia Lack of enzyme that breaks down galactose (a milk sugar) into glucose. If untreated, the infant can slowly starve to death. Glucose tolerance test A test performed to determine how well a patient's body metabolizes sugar. Hematocrit Portion of blood that is expressed as a percentage by volume and consists of package red blood cells Hematoma A collection of blood underneath the skin; a bruise Hemochromatosis High iron count Hemoconcentration Excessive accumulation of blood into an area of the body, usually caused by a tourniquet left on too long or patient pumping their fist. Hemodialysis A process that uses a machine to remove waste and excess fluid from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer perform these functions Hemoglobin The red, oxygen-carrying portion of the red blood cells Hemolysis Destruction of red blood cells Hemostatsis Stopping of blood flow Herpes simplex A virus that causes blisters either around the mouth and lips (cold sores) or genital area Hormone A chemical a cell produces that affects the functions of other cells Hypothyroidism Decreased thyroid function Iatrogenic anemia Anemia caused by collecting too much blood from a patient by volume in a given amount of time. Immune system The organs and structures that regulate the body's resistance to disease Immunocompromised Having an impaired immune response, usually as a result of disease, medication therapy, or surgery Infection The invasion of proliferation of pathogens in body tissues Isolation Methods that protect people from exposure to a contagion or protect an immunocompromised individual from acquiring an infection Ketones Acids that form from the breakdown of fatty acids in the absence of insulin Lateral Toward the side; away from the center of the body Lumen Hollow core of the vein; best place for needle position during the venipuncture Lymphadenopathy Swollen lymph nodes Means of transmission How a pathogen moves to host via direct or indirect contact with people. Measles A virus that causes fever, cough, runny nose, blotchy rash, and tiny white spots inside the mouth Mechanical ventilation Treatment that involves a machine (respirator, ventilator) performing or assisting with breathing Medial Toward the middle; close to the center of the body Median cubital vein Vein located near the middle of the antecubital area. First choice for a venipuncture collection Medical Asepsis The practice designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens as well as break the chain of infection; clean technique