NHA CPCT Phlebotomy Questions and Answers

NHA CPCT Phlebotomy Questions and Answers Osmosis The diffusion if water through a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell membrane When confirming a patient's identity prior to a specimen collection, which of the following questions or statements should you use? "Would you stare your full name and date of birth for me?" While preparing for a venipuncture, you state that-although they are rare-there could be complications. The patient tells you not to collect blood and declines further tests. Which of the following responses should you make? "That is certainly within your rights, but I will have to let your nurse and your doctor know." Antiseptic a substance that reduces the number of pathogens present on a surface You are about to perform a dermal puncture for an adult patient. Which finger should you choose? Third(middle) Povidone-iodine topical anti-infective agent produced by reacting iodine with the polymer povidone to release iodine; trade name Betadine Iatrogenic anemia A deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood, causing pallor and fatigue; resulting from repeated or excessive collections for diagnostic testing Hematoma the collection of blood under the skin as the result of blood escaping into the tissue from damaged blood vessels. bruise supine position lying on back, facing upward prone position lying face down Antecubital The area on the anterior if the arm in front anaphalaxis lethal allergic reaction Signs and symptoms of anaphalaxis nausea, skin rash, vomiting, difficulty of breathing, and shock treatment of anaphalaxis - epinephrine to reduce the body's allergic response - IV antihistamines - cortisone to reduce inflammation anticoagulant slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming; known as blood thinners centrifuge A machine that separates particles in a liquid by rapidly whirling the liquid around a central axis Platelets purpose small fragments of cells with no nucleus which help blood clot at a wound hemolysis the rupture or destruction of red blood cells. phlebotomy the practice of drawing blood plasma liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins serum plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed syncope fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum Thixotropic gel Material that appears to be a solid until subjected to a disturbance, such as centrifugation, where it becomes a liquid tourniquet A device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity. rubbing alcohol 70% isopropyl alcohol hemoglobin An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen. convulsions Involuntary muscular spasms or jerking venipuncture puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill a medication, or start an intravenous infusion Anemia A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume. lumen the hollow space inside a needle guage a measurement of thickness of metals; the number of sheets of metal necessary to equal approximately one inch of thickness Palpatation the act of feeling with the hand, placing two fingers on the body to determining the condition of the underlying part hematoma a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues. requisition form from patient's provider requesting a test syringe a medical instrument used to inject or withdraw fluids complete blood count (CBC) Determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values-MCH, MCV, MCHC vinyl gloves use if allergic to latex or powder readily available venipuncture site must be cleansed with antiseptic the most common antiseptic 70% isopropyl alcohol Anaphalaxis severe allergic reaction that causes airways to tighten and blood vessels to leak signs and symptoms anaphalaxis skin rash, nausea, vomiting treatment for anaphalaxis treated with epinephrine how long should rubbing alcohol set on skin 30 - 60 seconds iodine allergy Shellfish allergy evacuated tubes made to pull in predetermined amount of blood. most efficient and effective way to collect blood specimen. will lose vacuum with time vacuum draws measured amount of blood into tube platelets blood clotting how long does it take for blood to clot if there is no clot activator 30-60 minutes which tube does not contain an additive red topped EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) Anticoagulant that preserves cell shape and structure and inhibits platelet clumping inversion for yellow, green, gray, lavender 8-10 times inversion for light blue 3-4 times inversion for red 5 times short draw tube that is not filled Gauge is designated by a numeric value the higher the number, the smaller the lumen blood banks use what gauge 16 gauge wide lumen reduces the chances of: reduced chance of hemolysis smallest gauge (butterfly needle) 23 gauge and is used on small, fragile veins in young and elderly people. (1/2 to 3/4 inch) When are syringes used vs vacuum tubes? vacuum tubes are used when there is a concern that the strong vacuum in a tube might collapse the vein SESIP sharp with engineered sharps injury protection; sharp or needle device with a built-in safety feature use for procedures How long should you wash a needlestick injury site? 10 min Information on requisition date of birth patients, name ID, name of a physician making request type of test requested, test status (timed, fasting, and stat) How should the patient be positioned? seated or lying down with arm on flat surface Antecubital area Space at the inner surface area near the bend of the elbow, ideal site for venipuncture What does tingling, numbness, and sharp pain mean? stop venipuncture The collection process The process of collecting checks that are drawn on other banks. POC (point of care) the time and place of patient care Ergonomics the study of people's efficiency in their working environment. Phlebotomists must have the 2 trait of: service and growth other important traits of phlebotomists include -keep focus on patients -allow patient to lead conversation -be a good listener and great communicator -ensure reliability, accountability, and precision of specimen collection phlebotomist specialist in drawing blood When should you respect a patient's rights? AT ALL TIMES. including rights to refuse initiation or continuation of any procedure heart A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. Pericardium Membrane surrounding the heart epicardium outer layer of the heart myocardium muscular, middle layer of the heart endocardium Inner layer of the heart CDC (Center for Disease Control) purpose: a federal agency that conducts and supports health promotion, prevention and preparedness activities in the United States with the goal of improving overall public health. What is the term for a vein that is hard, inflexible, and narrow? Sclerotic surgery for breast removal mastectomy Hard, inflexible, and narrow, as is typical with veins that have undergone multiple venipunctures sclerotic directed toward or situated on the back surface dorsal middle area lumen go completely through transfix