CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Semilunar valves - ✔✔Set of valves that guards the bases of the 2 large arteries
leaving the ventricular chambers
✔✔How many leaflets do the semilunar valves have? - ✔✔3
✔✔Left Aortic - ✔✔three half-moon shaped cusps (flaps)
✔✔Right Pulmonic - ✔✔three half-moon shaped cusps (flaps)
✔✔When do the AV valves open? - ✔✔During heart relaxation
✔✔When are the semilunar valves closed? - ✔✔During heart relaxation
✔✔Valvular Stenosis - ✔✔When the valve flaps become stiff
✔✔Endocarditis - ✔✔Bacterial infection of endocardium (Enlarges Heart)
✔✔Coronary Arteries - ✔✔Branch from the base of the aorta and encircle the heart
✔✔Angina Pectoris - ✔✔When the myocardium is deprived of oxygen and results in a
crushing chest pain.
✔✔Myocardial Infacrtion - ✔✔Heart Attack, heart cells die because of prolonges oxygen
deprivation
✔✔Why are the walls of the atria thicker? - ✔✔They carry high pressure
✔✔How much blood does the heart pump in one day? - ✔✔It pushed the body's supply
of 6 quarts of blood (6 liters) through the blood vessels over 1000 times, meaning it
actually pumps about 6000 quarts of blood in a single day.
✔✔What are the 2 systems that act to regulate the heart activity? - ✔✔1. Autonomic
Nervous System
2. Intrinsic Factor
✔✔Intrinsic Conduction System - ✔✔Sets the basic rhythm
✔✔On average, how many times does the heart beat per minute? - ✔✔75
✔✔Where is the SA node located? - ✔✔Right Atrium
, ✔✔Where is the AV node located? - ✔✔At the junction of the atria and the ventricles
✔✔Sinoatrial (SA) Node is also known as... - ✔✔the pacemaker of the heart
✔✔Purkinje Fibers - ✔✔Spread within the muscle of the ventricle walls
✔✔Describe how the Intrinsic Conduction System Works - ✔✔1st the SA node (a tiny
cell mass) starts each heartbeat and sets the pace.
2nd From the SA node, the impulses spreads through the atria to the AV node to cause
a contraction
3rd Once the AV node is finished contracting it is passed though the AV bundle, the
bundle of his, the bundle braches and the purkinjie fibers.
✔✔Heart Block - ✔✔When the SA and AV nodes are not communicating and when
there is damage to the SA node
✔✔What is the result when damage is done to the SA node? - ✔✔Slower heart rate
✔✔Ischemia - ✔✔Lack of blood supply to the heart muscle
✔✔Fibrillation - ✔✔A rapid uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscle, major cause
of death in heart attacks
✔✔Tachycardia - ✔✔Rapid Heart Beat (over 100 beats per minute)
✔✔Bradycardia - ✔✔Slow Hear Beat (less than 60 beats per minute)
✔✔Systole - ✔✔When the ventricles contract
✔✔Diastole - ✔✔When the ventricles relax
✔✔Murmurs - ✔✔Abnormal or unusual heart beat because blood is flowing backwards
✔✔Cardiac Output (CO) - ✔✔The amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart
(actually each ventricle) in one minute
✔✔Congestive Heart Failure - ✔✔A progressive condition that reflects weakening of the
heart
✔✔Coronary Atherosclerosis - ✔✔Clogging of the coronary vessels with fatty buildup
✔✔Pulmonary Edema - ✔✔Blood vessels become swollen with blood, fluid leaks from
the circulation into the lung tissue, if untreated a person suffocates
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Semilunar valves - ✔✔Set of valves that guards the bases of the 2 large arteries
leaving the ventricular chambers
✔✔How many leaflets do the semilunar valves have? - ✔✔3
✔✔Left Aortic - ✔✔three half-moon shaped cusps (flaps)
✔✔Right Pulmonic - ✔✔three half-moon shaped cusps (flaps)
✔✔When do the AV valves open? - ✔✔During heart relaxation
✔✔When are the semilunar valves closed? - ✔✔During heart relaxation
✔✔Valvular Stenosis - ✔✔When the valve flaps become stiff
✔✔Endocarditis - ✔✔Bacterial infection of endocardium (Enlarges Heart)
✔✔Coronary Arteries - ✔✔Branch from the base of the aorta and encircle the heart
✔✔Angina Pectoris - ✔✔When the myocardium is deprived of oxygen and results in a
crushing chest pain.
✔✔Myocardial Infacrtion - ✔✔Heart Attack, heart cells die because of prolonges oxygen
deprivation
✔✔Why are the walls of the atria thicker? - ✔✔They carry high pressure
✔✔How much blood does the heart pump in one day? - ✔✔It pushed the body's supply
of 6 quarts of blood (6 liters) through the blood vessels over 1000 times, meaning it
actually pumps about 6000 quarts of blood in a single day.
✔✔What are the 2 systems that act to regulate the heart activity? - ✔✔1. Autonomic
Nervous System
2. Intrinsic Factor
✔✔Intrinsic Conduction System - ✔✔Sets the basic rhythm
✔✔On average, how many times does the heart beat per minute? - ✔✔75
✔✔Where is the SA node located? - ✔✔Right Atrium
, ✔✔Where is the AV node located? - ✔✔At the junction of the atria and the ventricles
✔✔Sinoatrial (SA) Node is also known as... - ✔✔the pacemaker of the heart
✔✔Purkinje Fibers - ✔✔Spread within the muscle of the ventricle walls
✔✔Describe how the Intrinsic Conduction System Works - ✔✔1st the SA node (a tiny
cell mass) starts each heartbeat and sets the pace.
2nd From the SA node, the impulses spreads through the atria to the AV node to cause
a contraction
3rd Once the AV node is finished contracting it is passed though the AV bundle, the
bundle of his, the bundle braches and the purkinjie fibers.
✔✔Heart Block - ✔✔When the SA and AV nodes are not communicating and when
there is damage to the SA node
✔✔What is the result when damage is done to the SA node? - ✔✔Slower heart rate
✔✔Ischemia - ✔✔Lack of blood supply to the heart muscle
✔✔Fibrillation - ✔✔A rapid uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscle, major cause
of death in heart attacks
✔✔Tachycardia - ✔✔Rapid Heart Beat (over 100 beats per minute)
✔✔Bradycardia - ✔✔Slow Hear Beat (less than 60 beats per minute)
✔✔Systole - ✔✔When the ventricles contract
✔✔Diastole - ✔✔When the ventricles relax
✔✔Murmurs - ✔✔Abnormal or unusual heart beat because blood is flowing backwards
✔✔Cardiac Output (CO) - ✔✔The amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart
(actually each ventricle) in one minute
✔✔Congestive Heart Failure - ✔✔A progressive condition that reflects weakening of the
heart
✔✔Coronary Atherosclerosis - ✔✔Clogging of the coronary vessels with fatty buildup
✔✔Pulmonary Edema - ✔✔Blood vessels become swollen with blood, fluid leaks from
the circulation into the lung tissue, if untreated a person suffocates
