BIOL 373 UNIT 1 Q & As (Verified
Answers) 2026
A given signal molecule...
a) May elicit different responses in different target cells or
after binding with different receptor types
b) Will elicit the same response regardless of the receptor
type
c) Will elicit the same response regardless of the target cell
type - Correct Answers ✅a) May elicit different responses
in different target cells or after binding with different receptor
types
What is a key difference between a local (paracrine) regulator
and a hormone?
a) Local regulators often open ligand-gated channels and
affect ion concentrations in cells; hormones bind with
intracellular receptors and affect gene expression
b) Local regulators diffuse to neighbouring cells; hormones
usually travel throughout the body to distant target cells
c) The signal transduction pathways of local regulators do not
involve second messengers; pathways triggered by hormones
do involve second messengers
, BIOL 373 UNIT 1 Q & As (Verified
Answers) 2026
d) Local regulators initiate short-term responses; hormones
trigger longer-lasting responses
e) Local regulators are small, hydrophobic molecules;
hormones are either large polypeptides or steroids - Correct
Answers ✅b) Local regulators diffuse to neighbouring cells;
hormones usually travel throughout the body to distant target
cells
What event is common to ALL signal transduction pathways?
a) Phosphates are transferred between molecules
b) Proteins change in conformation/activity
c) Cyclic nucleotides are formed
d) Protons are transferred between molecules
e) Calcium ions bind to/activate proteins - Correct Answers
✅b) Proteins change in conformation/activity
A hormone traveling in the bloodstream...
Answers) 2026
A given signal molecule...
a) May elicit different responses in different target cells or
after binding with different receptor types
b) Will elicit the same response regardless of the receptor
type
c) Will elicit the same response regardless of the target cell
type - Correct Answers ✅a) May elicit different responses
in different target cells or after binding with different receptor
types
What is a key difference between a local (paracrine) regulator
and a hormone?
a) Local regulators often open ligand-gated channels and
affect ion concentrations in cells; hormones bind with
intracellular receptors and affect gene expression
b) Local regulators diffuse to neighbouring cells; hormones
usually travel throughout the body to distant target cells
c) The signal transduction pathways of local regulators do not
involve second messengers; pathways triggered by hormones
do involve second messengers
, BIOL 373 UNIT 1 Q & As (Verified
Answers) 2026
d) Local regulators initiate short-term responses; hormones
trigger longer-lasting responses
e) Local regulators are small, hydrophobic molecules;
hormones are either large polypeptides or steroids - Correct
Answers ✅b) Local regulators diffuse to neighbouring cells;
hormones usually travel throughout the body to distant target
cells
What event is common to ALL signal transduction pathways?
a) Phosphates are transferred between molecules
b) Proteins change in conformation/activity
c) Cyclic nucleotides are formed
d) Protons are transferred between molecules
e) Calcium ions bind to/activate proteins - Correct Answers
✅b) Proteins change in conformation/activity
A hormone traveling in the bloodstream...
