are the associations meaningful?
¡More subjective; consider magnitude of effect, practical implications
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practical significance
consistency of measurement/research study
*measure can be reliable and invalid
A reliable measure yields consistent measurements across situations
¡Differences should reflect only differences in "true level" of construct
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, reliability
Patient populations with known damage/lesions
¤Ex: Amnesiac patients, amygdala damage
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brain damage
Goal is to understand particular outcome/behavior
Start with a lot of descriptive items
¡Ex: "Has hostility toward others", "Can be self-defensive"
¡Meant to be broad, comprehensive
Sorted by participants, observers, parents (S-or I-Data)
¡most-->least characteristic
¡Forced distribution
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Q-Sort Measures
the tendency to attribute one's own negative behavior to external causes and one's
positive actions to internal states
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, attributional bias
Characteristics of a person that are relatively stable over time and situations
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traits
1. like all others (human nature)
2. like some others (individual/group differences)
3. like no others (individual uniqueness)
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every human is...
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns
that impair social functioning
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personality disorders
Experimenters (unintentionally) influence outcomes
, Give this one a try later!
Experimenter Effects
Search for commonalities among large numbers of traits
Factor analysis used to statistically identify higher-order traits¡Ex: imaginative,
innovative, artistic →creative
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statistical approach
the idea that traits associated with effective functioning increase with age
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maturity principle
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Behavioral Data Example: Delay of Gratification
an approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous
system (physiology, genes, evolution) ex: different parts of brain contribute to
personality
¡More subjective; consider magnitude of effect, practical implications
Give this one a try later!
practical significance
consistency of measurement/research study
*measure can be reliable and invalid
A reliable measure yields consistent measurements across situations
¡Differences should reflect only differences in "true level" of construct
Give this one a try later!
, reliability
Patient populations with known damage/lesions
¤Ex: Amnesiac patients, amygdala damage
Give this one a try later!
brain damage
Goal is to understand particular outcome/behavior
Start with a lot of descriptive items
¡Ex: "Has hostility toward others", "Can be self-defensive"
¡Meant to be broad, comprehensive
Sorted by participants, observers, parents (S-or I-Data)
¡most-->least characteristic
¡Forced distribution
Give this one a try later!
Q-Sort Measures
the tendency to attribute one's own negative behavior to external causes and one's
positive actions to internal states
Give this one a try later!
, attributional bias
Characteristics of a person that are relatively stable over time and situations
Give this one a try later!
traits
1. like all others (human nature)
2. like some others (individual/group differences)
3. like no others (individual uniqueness)
Give this one a try later!
every human is...
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns
that impair social functioning
Give this one a try later!
personality disorders
Experimenters (unintentionally) influence outcomes
, Give this one a try later!
Experimenter Effects
Search for commonalities among large numbers of traits
Factor analysis used to statistically identify higher-order traits¡Ex: imaginative,
innovative, artistic →creative
Give this one a try later!
statistical approach
the idea that traits associated with effective functioning increase with age
Give this one a try later!
maturity principle
Give this one a try later!
Behavioral Data Example: Delay of Gratification
an approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous
system (physiology, genes, evolution) ex: different parts of brain contribute to
personality
