BIO 156 ACTUAL CERTIFICATION
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION.
◉ Archaea. Answer: Prokaryotic, often extremophiles.
◉ Eukarya. Answer: Eukaryotic cells, have nucleus.
◉ Protista. Answer: Mostly unicellular eukaryotes.
◉ Fungi. Answer: Absorb nutrients, cell walls of chitin.
◉ Plantae. Answer: Photosynthetic, cell walls of cellulose.
◉ Animalia. Answer: Multicellular, ingest food.
◉ Covalent bond. Answer: Sharing electrons between atoms.
◉ Ionic bond. Answer: Transfer of electrons forming ions.
◉ Hydrogen bond. Answer: Weak attraction between polar
molecules.
, ◉ Water properties. Answer: Cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat,
universal solvent, ice floats.
◉ pH scale. Answer: Measures H⁺ concentration; Acid 0-6, Neutral 7,
Base 8-14.
◉ Carbohydrates. Answer: Energy storage and structure (e.g.,
glucose, starch).
◉ Lipids. Answer: Fats, oils, membranes; long-term energy.
◉ Proteins. Answer: Enzymes, structure, transport, signaling.
◉ Nucleic acids. Answer: DNA and RNA; store genetic information.
◉ Cell theory. Answer: All living things are made of cells; cells are
basic units; new cells come from existing cells.
◉ Prokaryote. Answer: No nucleus, few organelles, small.
◉ Eukaryote. Answer: Nucleus, many organelles, larger, complex.
◉ Nucleus. Answer: Stores DNA, site of transcription.
◉ Rough ER. Answer: Protein synthesis.
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION.
◉ Archaea. Answer: Prokaryotic, often extremophiles.
◉ Eukarya. Answer: Eukaryotic cells, have nucleus.
◉ Protista. Answer: Mostly unicellular eukaryotes.
◉ Fungi. Answer: Absorb nutrients, cell walls of chitin.
◉ Plantae. Answer: Photosynthetic, cell walls of cellulose.
◉ Animalia. Answer: Multicellular, ingest food.
◉ Covalent bond. Answer: Sharing electrons between atoms.
◉ Ionic bond. Answer: Transfer of electrons forming ions.
◉ Hydrogen bond. Answer: Weak attraction between polar
molecules.
, ◉ Water properties. Answer: Cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat,
universal solvent, ice floats.
◉ pH scale. Answer: Measures H⁺ concentration; Acid 0-6, Neutral 7,
Base 8-14.
◉ Carbohydrates. Answer: Energy storage and structure (e.g.,
glucose, starch).
◉ Lipids. Answer: Fats, oils, membranes; long-term energy.
◉ Proteins. Answer: Enzymes, structure, transport, signaling.
◉ Nucleic acids. Answer: DNA and RNA; store genetic information.
◉ Cell theory. Answer: All living things are made of cells; cells are
basic units; new cells come from existing cells.
◉ Prokaryote. Answer: No nucleus, few organelles, small.
◉ Eukaryote. Answer: Nucleus, many organelles, larger, complex.
◉ Nucleus. Answer: Stores DNA, site of transcription.
◉ Rough ER. Answer: Protein synthesis.