Chamberlain University
1 MAXE · 422 RN
★ ★
C College of Nursing & Public Health
EST. 1889
EXTRAORDINARY CARE. EXTRAORDINARY NURSES.
NR224 Exam 1
F U N DA M E N TA LS O F N U RS I N G — CO M P R E H E N S I V E E X A M R E V I E W
INSTITUTION Chamberlain University PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing
COURSE CODE NR 224 COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE NR224 Exam 1
TOTAL QUESTIONS 95 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Questions have been randomized from source material per Component 16.
▸ Topics: Chain of Infection, PPE, Hand Hygiene, Vital Signs, Mobility, Positioning, ROM.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question.
▸ All interventions reflect current evidence-based nursing practice.
, FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING — COMPREHENSIVE
Questions 1 – 95
EXAMINATION
1. A nursing instructor is teaching about the chain of infection. Which of the following
correctly lists all six links in the chain?
A. Pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
B. Bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite, protozoa, helminth
C. Hand hygiene, PPE, isolation, sterilization, disinfection, vaccination
D. Incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence, recovery
CORRECT ANSWER A — Pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, susceptible host
RATIONALE The chain of infection consists of six interconnected links: (1) Infectious
agent/pathogen (bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite); (2) Reservoir (where the
pathogen lives — people, animals, soil, food, water); (3) Portal of exit (how the
pathogen leaves the reservoir — coughing, sneezing, feces); (4) Mode of
transmission (how it travels — direct contact, indirect contact, vectors); (5) Portal
of entry (how it enters the new host — mouth, nose, eyes, cuts); (6) Susceptible
host (elderly, infants, immunocompromised, ANYONE). Breaking ANY link in the
chain prevents infection transmission.
,2. What is the definition of asepsis?
A. The process of destroying all microorganisms including spores
B. Absence of pathogenic microorganisms
C. The use of chemicals to reduce bacteria on surfaces
D. Wearing PPE for all patient contact
CORRECT ANSWER B — Absence of pathogenic microorganisms
RATIONALE Asepsis means the absence of disease-producing (pathogenic) microorganisms.
This is the goal of all infection control practices. Two types: medical asepsis (clean
technique — reduces organisms and prevents transfer, uses clean
gloves/supplies) and surgical asepsis (sterile technique — eliminates ALL
microorganisms including spores from an area, uses sterile gloves/supplies and a
sterile field). Sterilization (option A) is a specific process that destroys ALL
microorganisms including spores. Disinfection reduces organisms on surfaces but
does not achieve sterility.
3. A nurse is preparing for a sterile dressing change. Which of the following principles of
surgical asepsis should the nurse follow?
A. Clean gloves and clean supplies are sufficient for wound care
B. The 1-inch border of the sterile field is considered contaminated; the sterile field must be
kept at waist level or above
C. Sterile items can be placed on any clean surface regardless of height
D. A sterile field remains sterile for 24 hours after opening
CORRECT ANSWER B — The 1-inch border of the sterile field is contaminated; field must be at
waist level or above
RATIONALE Surgical asepsis/sterile technique prevents contamination of an open wound and
isolates the operative area from the unsterile environment. Key principles: sterile
field outer 1-inch border is considered contaminated; sterile items must be at
waist level or above (below waist is considered contaminated because you cannot
see if clothing touches); surgical hand scrub required; sterile gloves and supplies
used; sterile objects only touch other sterile objects. Clean technique (medical
asepsis) uses clean gloves/supplies and is for procedures where intact skin is not
breached.
, 4. Medical asepsis (clean technique) includes which of the following principles?
A. Eliminating all microorganisms including spores from the environment
B. Reducing the number of organisms and preventing their transfer using clean gloves and
clean supplies
C. Using only sterile supplies and performing a surgical scrub
D. Maintaining a sterile field with a 1-inch contaminated border
CORRECT ANSWER B — Reducing the number of organisms and preventing their transfer using
clean gloves/clean supplies
RATIONALE Medical asepsis (clean technique) aims to reduce the number of microorganisms
and prevent their transfer from one person or place to another. It uses clean
gloves, clean supplies, and hand hygiene. Examples: administering oral
medications, providing bed baths, taking vital signs. This differs from surgical
asepsis (sterile technique), which aims to eliminate ALL microorganisms and is
used for invasive procedures (wound care, catheterization, surgery). The term
"clean" does not mean "sterile" — clean items have been washed and have
reduced bioburden but may still harbor some microorganisms.
1 MAXE · 422 RN
★ ★
C College of Nursing & Public Health
EST. 1889
EXTRAORDINARY CARE. EXTRAORDINARY NURSES.
NR224 Exam 1
F U N DA M E N TA LS O F N U RS I N G — CO M P R E H E N S I V E E X A M R E V I E W
INSTITUTION Chamberlain University PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing
COURSE CODE NR 224 COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing
ACADEMIC YEAR EXAM TITLE NR224 Exam 1
TOTAL QUESTIONS 95 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Questions have been randomized from source material per Component 16.
▸ Topics: Chain of Infection, PPE, Hand Hygiene, Vital Signs, Mobility, Positioning, ROM.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question.
▸ All interventions reflect current evidence-based nursing practice.
, FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING — COMPREHENSIVE
Questions 1 – 95
EXAMINATION
1. A nursing instructor is teaching about the chain of infection. Which of the following
correctly lists all six links in the chain?
A. Pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
B. Bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite, protozoa, helminth
C. Hand hygiene, PPE, isolation, sterilization, disinfection, vaccination
D. Incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence, recovery
CORRECT ANSWER A — Pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, susceptible host
RATIONALE The chain of infection consists of six interconnected links: (1) Infectious
agent/pathogen (bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite); (2) Reservoir (where the
pathogen lives — people, animals, soil, food, water); (3) Portal of exit (how the
pathogen leaves the reservoir — coughing, sneezing, feces); (4) Mode of
transmission (how it travels — direct contact, indirect contact, vectors); (5) Portal
of entry (how it enters the new host — mouth, nose, eyes, cuts); (6) Susceptible
host (elderly, infants, immunocompromised, ANYONE). Breaking ANY link in the
chain prevents infection transmission.
,2. What is the definition of asepsis?
A. The process of destroying all microorganisms including spores
B. Absence of pathogenic microorganisms
C. The use of chemicals to reduce bacteria on surfaces
D. Wearing PPE for all patient contact
CORRECT ANSWER B — Absence of pathogenic microorganisms
RATIONALE Asepsis means the absence of disease-producing (pathogenic) microorganisms.
This is the goal of all infection control practices. Two types: medical asepsis (clean
technique — reduces organisms and prevents transfer, uses clean
gloves/supplies) and surgical asepsis (sterile technique — eliminates ALL
microorganisms including spores from an area, uses sterile gloves/supplies and a
sterile field). Sterilization (option A) is a specific process that destroys ALL
microorganisms including spores. Disinfection reduces organisms on surfaces but
does not achieve sterility.
3. A nurse is preparing for a sterile dressing change. Which of the following principles of
surgical asepsis should the nurse follow?
A. Clean gloves and clean supplies are sufficient for wound care
B. The 1-inch border of the sterile field is considered contaminated; the sterile field must be
kept at waist level or above
C. Sterile items can be placed on any clean surface regardless of height
D. A sterile field remains sterile for 24 hours after opening
CORRECT ANSWER B — The 1-inch border of the sterile field is contaminated; field must be at
waist level or above
RATIONALE Surgical asepsis/sterile technique prevents contamination of an open wound and
isolates the operative area from the unsterile environment. Key principles: sterile
field outer 1-inch border is considered contaminated; sterile items must be at
waist level or above (below waist is considered contaminated because you cannot
see if clothing touches); surgical hand scrub required; sterile gloves and supplies
used; sterile objects only touch other sterile objects. Clean technique (medical
asepsis) uses clean gloves/supplies and is for procedures where intact skin is not
breached.
, 4. Medical asepsis (clean technique) includes which of the following principles?
A. Eliminating all microorganisms including spores from the environment
B. Reducing the number of organisms and preventing their transfer using clean gloves and
clean supplies
C. Using only sterile supplies and performing a surgical scrub
D. Maintaining a sterile field with a 1-inch contaminated border
CORRECT ANSWER B — Reducing the number of organisms and preventing their transfer using
clean gloves/clean supplies
RATIONALE Medical asepsis (clean technique) aims to reduce the number of microorganisms
and prevent their transfer from one person or place to another. It uses clean
gloves, clean supplies, and hand hygiene. Examples: administering oral
medications, providing bed baths, taking vital signs. This differs from surgical
asepsis (sterile technique), which aims to eliminate ALL microorganisms and is
used for invasive procedures (wound care, catheterization, surgery). The term
"clean" does not mean "sterile" — clean items have been washed and have
reduced bioburden but may still harbor some microorganisms.
